The hard-boiled detective genre is a staple of crime fiction, known for its gritty, cynical, and often violent portrayals of detectives and private investigators. It emerged in the early 20th century and has since become one of the most enduring and popular subgenres of crime fiction. In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at the history of the hard-boiled detective genre, exploring its origins, evolution, and enduring appeal.
Origins of the genre
The origins of the hard-boiled detective genre can be traced back to the pulp magazines of the 1920s and 1930s. These magazines featured cheap, pulp paper and were printed in large numbers, making them accessible to a wide audience. They were known for their sensational and often lurid content, featuring stories about crime, adventure, and the supernatural.
One of the most popular genres in these pulp magazines was the detective story, which featured a tough, no-nonsense detective who solved crimes through a combination of wit, skill, and brute force. These detectives were often flawed, with a hard exterior that concealed a deep sense of humanity and morality. They were also typically depicted as loners, working outside the law and answering only to their own sense of justice.
Examples of novels in this genre
Sam Spade, the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett’s “The Maltese Falcon,” is a tough private investigator who operates outside the law and is willing to use violence to achieve his goals. He’s also deeply conflicted about his relationship with his partner’s widow, leading to a complex and morally ambiguous character.
Mike Hammer, created by Mickey Spillane, is a no-nonsense detective who is willing to use his fists to get the information he needs. He’s also deeply traumatized by his experiences in World War II, leading to a darker and more introspective character.
Philip Marlowe, the protagonist of Raymond Chandler’s “The Big Sleep” and other novels, is a wisecracking private investigator who is known for his quick wit and sharp tongue. He’s also deeply cynical about the corrupt society he inhabits, leading to a character who is both tough and emotionally complex.
These characters embody many of the traits of the hard-boiled detective genre, including their tough exterior, their willingness to use force, and their deep sense of morality and justice. They’re also deeply flawed and complex characters, grappling with their own traumas and demons as they navigate the seedy underworld of crime and corruption.
The hard-boiled detective genre was popularised by writers such as Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler, who brought a new level of literary sophistication to the genre. Hammett’s novels, such as “The Maltese Falcon,” featured complex characters, intricate plots, and a heightened sense of realism. Chandler’s novels, such as “The Big Sleep,” took the genre in a more literary direction, with poetic prose and vivid descriptions of the seedy underbelly of Los Angeles.
Film Noir
With the rise of film noir, the hard-boiled detective genre reached the height of its popularity in the 1940s and 1950s.
Film noir is a cinematic term that refers to a specific style of filmmaking that emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, particularly in Hollywood. The term “film noir” itself is French for “black film” or “dark film,” reflecting the often dark and shadowy visual style of these films. While film noir is primarily associated with crime dramas, it encompasses a broader range of genres, including thrillers, mysteries, and even some melodramas.
It’s worth a deeper look into the characteristics of film noir. You can see how it became the ideal format for hard-boiled crime fiction.
Film noir is known for its distinctive visual style, characterised by high contrast lighting, deep shadows, and chiaroscuro effects. The use of low-key lighting often creates a moody and atmospheric look, with scenes frequently taking place at night or in dimly lit environments.
Many film noir stories are set in urban environments, often depicting the seedy underbelly of cities. Dark alleys, nightclubs, and urban landscapes contribute to the overall sense of mystery and danger.
Film noir often explores moral ambiguity, with protagonists who may be morally conflicted or antiheroes. Characters are frequently caught in a web of crime, deception, and betrayal, and the distinction between good and evil is often blurred.
Femme fatales are a common archetype in film noir. These female characters are often mysterious, alluring, and dangerous, leading the male protagonists into morally compromising situations.
Many film noir stories are influenced by hard-boiled crime fiction. The narratives often involve crime, detective work, and the exploration of the darker aspects of human nature. They often featured detectives and private investigators who were flawed, cynical, and deeply human.
Film noir uses a range of cinematic techniques, including Dutch angles, deep focus shots, and inventive camera angles. These techniques contribute to the overall visual and thematic impact of the films.
So, film noir is the perfect cinematic format for hard-boiled fiction due to its ability to visually and thematically amplify the gritty and morally complex nature of hard-boiled narratives.
Why has the hard-boiled detective genre remained so popular over the years?
Part of its appeal lies in its depiction of a world that is tough, gritty, and uncompromising. It’s a world where justice is hard-won and morality is never black and white. But it’s also a world where there is still hope, where the human spirit endures despite the odds.
Hard-boiled fiction often delves into social issues such as corruption, inequality, and crime in society. Readers appreciate stories that use the genre as a lens to explore and critique the darker aspects of the human experience.
The genre has a strong cinematic appeal, with many iconic films adapting these gritty narratives. The visual elements, film noir aesthetics, and tough dialogue contribute to the genre’s enduring popularity across different storytelling mediums.
Hard-boiled fiction often delves into social issues such as corruption, inequality, and crime in society. Readers appreciate stories that use the genre as a lens to explore and critique the darker aspects of the human experience.
Readers often admire the resilience of hard-boiled protagonists who face adversity head-on. The ability of these characters to navigate through challenging circumstances and emerge, if not unscathed, then wiser, creates a sense of catharsis for readers.
Contemporary Hard-Boiled Detectives
Harry Bosch, an LAPD detective, is the central character in Michael Connelly’s series. Bosch’s relentless pursuit of justice, even in the face of bureaucratic challenges, showcases his hard-boiled demeanour in a contemporary Los Angeles setting. Connelly’s series combines intricate plotting with a tough, no-nonsense protagonist.
Jack Reacher, a former military police major, roams the United States as a drifter, solving crimes and righting wrongs. His stoic and tough approach to justice aligns with the hard-boiled tradition, and the series explores modern-day issues through Reacher’s nomadic adventures.
Cormoran Strike, created by J.K. Rowling under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith, is a private investigator in contemporary London. Strike’s gruff demeanour, military background, and complex personal life reflect the modern interpretation of a hard-boiled detective.
Joe Pike is a former LAPD detective turned private investigator in Robert Crais’s series. Pike’s enigmatic and reserved personality, combined with his commitment to justice, embodies the hard-boiled tradition in a modern Southern California setting.
Charlie Parker is a private investigator in John Connolly’s series, which combines crime fiction with supernatural elements. Parker’s haunted past, resilience, and relentless pursuit of justice contribute to the hard-boiled atmosphere of the novels.
These contemporary hard-boiled detectives showcase the genre’s evolution, addressing modern challenges while embodying the enduring traits of toughness, determination, and a commitment to justice that define the hard-boiled tradition.
The hard-boiled detective genre has a rich and storied history that spans over a century. It has evolved from the pulp magazines of the 1920s and 1930s to become one of the most enduring and popular subgenres of crime fiction. Its gritty realism, complex characters, and uncompromising view of the world continue to captivate readers and audiences to this day.
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
Welcome to the latest issue of “Crime Fiction Addiction,” a monthly exploration into the intricate world of crime, mystery, and suspense.
In this month’s issue:
Unsolved Mysteries – True Crime Stories: First up, the unexplained disappearance of Joan Risch who vanished from her home in Lincoln, Massachusetts, leaving behind a trail of perplexing clues and unanswered questions. What do you think happened to Joan?
From Femme Fatales to Sleuths: Tracing the History of Women in Crime Fiction: A journey through the evolution of women in crime fiction. Explore the riveting transformation of female characters, from the classic seductive femme fatales to the resilient and indomitable sleuths who have left an indelible mark on the genre.
Writing: The Art of Crafting Engaging Story Arcs: For aspiring crime writers and those fascinated by the craft, we dive into the art of crafting captivating and suspenseful story arcs. Uncover the secret ingredients that keep readers engrossed from the very first page to the final, spine-tingling twist.
Catch up on previous issues here:
Why do we love crime fiction?
As a society, we are fascinated by crime and the darker aspects of human nature. Crime fiction allows us to explore these themes in a safe and controlled way, satisfying our curiosity and offering an escape from our everyday lives.
Here are some reasons why we love crime fiction:
Thrills and suspense: Crime fiction is known for its fast-paced action and suspenseful plot twists that keep readers on the edge of their seats. It provides a thrilling ride that elicits strong emotions and adrenaline rushes.
Solving the mystery: There’s something deeply satisfying about solving a complex puzzle, and crime fiction often provides readers with a compelling mystery to solve. We enjoy piecing together clues and trying to figure out whodunit before the protagonist does.
Exploring the darker side of human nature: Crime fiction allows us to explore the darkest aspects of human nature, including violence, greed, and obsession. It can be a cathartic experience to confront these themes in a safe and controlled way, and to understand the motivations behind criminal behaviour.
Escapism: Reading crime fiction can be a form of escapism, allowing us to temporarily forget about our own problems and immerse ourselves in a thrilling story. It can be a way to relax and unwind, while still engaging our minds and satisfying our curiosity.
Social commentary: Crime fiction can also offer social commentary on issues such as justice, morality, and the legal system. By exploring these themes through the lens of a crime story, authors can shed light on important issues and provoke thought and discussion.
We love crime fiction for its thrills, mystery, exploration of the darker side of human nature, escapism, and social commentary. It’s a genre that captures our imaginations and keeps us coming back for more.
Crime fiction allows us to explore the darkest aspects of human nature, including violence, greed, and obsession. It can be a cathartic experience to confront these themes in a safe and controlled way, and to understand the motivations behind criminal behaviour.
Whether you’re an avid reader of crime fiction, interested in true crime or you’re a writer exploring this genre “Crime Fiction Addiction” has something special in store for each of you.
If you’d like to contribute, do get in touch and don’t forget to enter to win a free signed copy of ‘Justified’. Send me your pics, something you’re writing or your thoughts on anything discussed in this newsletter. I’d love to hear from you.
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
As a lover of books and avid reader (and watcher) of popular fiction, I’ve always been fascinated by the power of storytelling. What is it that makes a story compelling? What are the elements that keep readers hooked from beginning to end? These are the questions that I hope to explore in this blog, by taking a closer look at some popular dramas, films and books.
Throughout this blog, I’ll be discussing some of the most effective storytelling techniques used by authors and drama producers to captivate their readers. From complex characters and intricate plots to immersive world-building and themes of moral ambiguity, I’ll delve into the elements that make these stories so engaging and thought-provoking.
To illustrate these storytelling techniques, I’ll be drawing on examples from some of the most popular works of fiction, and examine how the storytellers craft their stories, drawing us in with richly-drawn characters, unexpected plot twists, and themes that resonate on a deeper level.
Whether you’re a writer looking to improve your craft, or simply a reader looking for some insight into what makes a great story, I hope that you’ll find this blog to be a valuable resource. Let’s dive in and explore the art of storytelling in popular fiction!
The anatomy of a great story
What is it that makes a great story? While there’s no one-size-fits-all answer, there are a few key elements that tend to be present in some of the most memorable and impactful works of fiction. Here’s a closer look at the anatomy of a great story:
Compelling characters: Characters are the heart and soul of any story, and a great story typically features characters that are complex, relatable, and memorable. Whether they’re heroes, villains, or somewhere in between, great characters have flaws, desires, and motivations that drive the story forward.
Well-crafted plot: A great story needs a well-crafted plot that keeps readers engaged and guessing. The plot should be complex enough to keep people interested, but not so convoluted that it becomes confusing or overwhelming.
Immersive world-building: Whether the story takes place in a fictional world or a real-life setting, great stories feature immersive world-building that transports readers to another place and time. This can be achieved through richly-detailed settings, well-researched historical context, or even the creation of an entirely new world with its own rules and mythology.
Themes that resonate: The best stories have themes that resonate with readers on a deeper level, whether they’re exploring universal human experiences like love, loss, and redemption, or tackling weighty social and political issues. By exploring these themes in a thoughtful and nuanced way, a great story can leave a lasting impact on readers.
Writing that engages: Finally, a great story needs writing that engages and captivates readers from the very first sentence. Whether it’s through rich descriptive language, snappy dialogue, or a unique narrative voice, the writing should draw readers in and keep them turning the pages or clicking for the next episode.
Let’s have a look at some examples and why they’re so popular with readers and audiences.
Stranger Things
“Stranger Things” has been a massive hit worldwide, and it’s not hard to see why. Let’s break down the anatomy of a compelling story and see how “Stranger Things” excels in each category:
Hook: The show starts with a bang, as we see a young boy mysteriously disappear, which immediately grabs our attention and makes us want to know what happens next.
Characters: The show features a diverse cast of beautifully developed and relatable characters, including a group of misfit kids who are the heart of the story. We become invested in these characters and their relationships, which makes the show emotionally engaging.
Conflict: The conflict in “Stranger Things” is both external and internal, with the characters facing threats from both a mysterious supernatural force and their own personal demons. This creates tension and drama, again keeping us engaged and emotionally invested.
Plot: The plot of “Stranger Things” is a masterclass in storytelling, weaving together elements of sci-fi, horror, and coming-of-age drama in a way that keeps us gripped. The stakes are high, and the urgency to solve the mystery and save the characters is palpable.
Theme: “Stranger Things” explores themes of friendship, family, loyalty, and the struggle to find where we fit in the world – universal themes we can all relate to. These themes are woven into the story in an organic and meaningful way, creating a deeper emotional connection with the audience.
Setting: The setting of “Stranger Things” is a vividly realised world that combines the nostalgia of the 1980s with a sense of supernatural danger lurking just beneath the surface.
Style: The show’s style is consistent and appropriate to its genre and tone, with a mix of horror, sci-fi, and coming-of-age drama that makes it unique.
“Stranger Things” brilliantly excels in all the elements of great storytelling. It has a strong hook, well-developed characters, meaningful conflict, a captivating plot, resonant themes, a vivid setting, and a strong sense of style. These elements work together to create a show that has enthralled us all and made it a cult phenomenon.
The Last Kingdom
The epically brilliant “The Last Kingdom” is hugely popular for its immersive storytelling, which is no surprise as it’s based on Bernard Cornwell’s The Saxon Stories. With ‘Seven Kings Must Die’ just hitting Netflix, let’s break down the anatomy of a compelling story and see how “The Last Kingdom” conquers every category:
Hook: The show starts with a compelling hook, as we see a young Saxon boy taken captive by the Danes and raised as one of their own. We’re immediately drawn into this story which continues to underpin the entire series.
Characters: “The Last Kingdom” features a diverse cast of complex and beautifully crafted characters, including the main protagonist, Uhtred of Bebbanburg. Uhtred is a skilled warrior, cunning strategist, and charismatic leader, all of which make him a formidable force in battle. But he’s reckless, impulsive, and stubborn too, often getting himself and others into trouble.
Despite these flaws, Uhtred is a relatable character as he struggles to reconcile his identity and find a sense of belonging. The relationship he forms with the other characters in the show are essential to his character development. His loyalty to his friends and family is unwavering, but his trust is hard-earned, leading to some emotionally charged scenes.
Conflict: The show is full of meaningful conflict, with Uhtred torn between his Saxon roots and his loyalty to the Danes who raised him. The politics and struggle for power between the various factions adds to the tension and drama, keeping the audience engaged and emotionally invested.
Plot: The plot of “The Last Kingdom” is intricately weaves together elements of historical drama and pacy action-adventure with quieter beats where we can catch our breath.
Theme: “The Last Kingdom” explores themes of identity, loyalty, and the struggle for power. The story seamlessly incorporates these themes in a genuine and significant, resulting in a stronger emotional bond with the audience.
Setting: The attention to detail in the setting of the show, recreating the time period and its cultural touchstones, is impressive and adds to the overall immersive experience.
Performance: Alexander Dreymon as Uhtred is as compelling in quiet, introspective scenes as he is in dramatic, action-packed moments. His ability to convey emotion with a glance or a subtle change in expression makes his portrayal of Uhtred all the more impressive.
For me though, the standout performance comes from David Dawson as King Alfred. His performance is a masterclass in subtlety and nuance and the scene showing his last meeting with Uhtred is simply stunning.
So, The Last Kingdom has every box ticked, which is obviously why it continues to pull huge audiences. If you haven’t seen it yet, I highly recommend it!
The Bone Collector
“The Bone Collector” by Jeffery Deaver is a crime thriller novel that follows the story of Lincoln Rhyme, a former NYPD forensic expert who is now a quadriplegic, and Amelia Sachs, a young patrol officer who discovers a victim of a serial killer. The novel follows the classic story anatomy of a crime thriller with a well-crafted plot, interesting characters, and twists and turns that keep the reader engaged.
Hook: The book starts with a high-stakes hook as a young patrol officer, Amelia Sachs, discovers a victim of a serial killer while on her beat in New York City. The victim’s body is grotesquely mutilated and this hook sets up the central mystery of the novel, immediately drawing the reader in.
Characters: The two main characters in the novel are Lincoln Rhyme and Amelia Sachs. Lincoln Rhyme is a former NYPD forensic expert who is now a quadriplegic, confined to his bed and able to move only his head and one finger. Despite his physical limitations, Rhyme is brilliant and his expertise is sought after by the police department. Amelia Sachs is a young patrol officer who discovers the first victim of the serial killer and becomes Rhyme’s eyes and ears on the ground as he helps her solve the case. The two characters are well-crafted and interesting, with their own unique personalities, strengths, and weaknesses.
Conflict: The central conflict in the novel is the hunt for the serial killer. The killer, known as “The Bone Collector,” is elusive and leaves behind few clues. Rhyme and Sachs must race against time to solve the case before he kills again. The tension is heightened by the fact that Rhyme is a quadriplegic and Sachs is often working alone, putting herself in danger.
Plot: The plot of the novel is tightly structured and keeps the reader engaged from start to finish. Deaver expertly weaves in twists and turns, keeping the reader guessing about the identity of the killer and the motivations behind the crimes. The pacing is excellent, alternating between moments of intense action and quieter scenes that allow the reader to catch their breath.
Theme: The novel explores themes of redemption, justice, and the consequences of one’s actions. The killer’s motivations are rooted in his own tragic past, and Rhyme and Sachs must grapple with their own demons as they try to stop him. The novel also examines the nature of obsession, both in the killer and in Rhyme himself, who is consumed by his work and his desire to catch the killer.
Setting: The setting of the novel is New York City and Deaver expertly captures the grittiness and energy of the city.
Writing style: Deaver’s writing style is fast-paced and engaging. He uses short chapters and cliffhangers to keep the reader hooked and delivers a satisfying conclusion that ties up all the loose ends.
Overall, “The Bone Collector” is a well-crafted crime thriller with a classic story anatomy that keeps the reader engaged from start to finish. With interesting characters, a tightly structured plot, and a well-crafted setting, it is easy to see why it has become a beloved classic of the genre.
Peaky Blinders
“Peaky Blinders” has become a fan-favourite due to its immersive and gritty portrayal of the criminal underworld in post-WWI Birmingham. The period crime drama masters all the elements of great storytelling – here’s how.
It starts with a gripping hook that immediately captures the audience’s attention and creates a sense of danger and tension. We quickly become emotionally invested in the diverse cast of complex characters with multifaceted personalities, motivations, and backstories.
The show is full of conflict, with the Peaky Blinders battling for control of their territory and facing off against rival gangs and corrupt officials. The stakes are high, and the danger is ever-present, keeping us fully engaged and braced for more action.
The plot is intricately woven, with multiple storylines and subplots that contribute to the larger narrative arc.
“Peaky Blinders” explores themes of power, family, loyalty, and the impact of war on society. These themes are woven into the story in a natural and resonant way, creating a deeper emotional connection with the audience.
The setting of “Peaky Blinders” is a vividly captures the gritty reality of post-WWI Birmingham, creating a unique style which blends period drama, crime thriller, and character study. The use of edgy music and cinematic visual imagery adds to the show’s overall atmosphere.
“Peaky Blinders” is another compelling masterclass in great storytelling with an effortlessly brilliant performance from Killian Murphy as main protagonist Tommy Shelby.
It’s a must watch!
Prime Suspect
“Prime Suspect” is a crime drama television series that follows Detective Chief Inspector Jane Tennison as she navigates her male-dominated world while leading investigations into high-profile cases.
Hook: The series begins with the discovery of the murder of a young woman, which immediately grabs the audience’s attention and sets the stage for the rest of the season.
Characters: The main character, Jane Tennison, is a complex and flawed detective who faces sexism and hostility from her colleagues. She is determined to prove herself and is willing to take risks to solve cases. The supporting cast, including Tennison’s team and suspects in the investigations, are also well-developed and add depth to the story.
Conflict: The show is full of conflicts, both external and internal. Tennison must navigate the politics of the police department, deal with the pressures of high-profile cases, and confront her own personal demons. The investigations themselves are filled with twists and turns, keeping the audience engaged and guessing.
Plot: The plot is structured around the investigations, with each episode focusing on a new case or aspect of an ongoing investigation. The pacing is well-executed, with tense moments interspersed with quieter scenes that allow for character development.
Themes: The show explores themes of gender, power, corruption, and justice. The portrayal of sexism within the police department adds depth to the story and highlights the challenges faced by women in male-dominated professions.
Performance: Helen Mirren delivers a standout performance as Jane Tennison, bringing a mix of vulnerability and toughness to the role. The supporting cast also delivers strong performances, adding to the overall quality of the show.
“Prime Suspect” is a well-crafted crime drama that explores complex themes and features a strong lead performance from Helen Mirren.
Die Hard
Who doesn’t love ‘Die Hard’?! The iconic 1980s action film (is it a Christmas movie? – debate!) propelled Bruce Willis into action movie stardom and remains a favourite with audiences today.
Let’s have a look at the storytelling and how Die Hard reels us in.
Hook: The movie starts with a high-stakes hook as John McClane, a New York cop, arrives in Los Angeles to visit his estranged wife at her workplace, Nakatomi Plaza. The audience is immediately thrust into the action as a group of terrorists take over the building, trapping McClane inside.
Characters: The main character is a flawed but relatable hero. He’s a tough, wisecracking cop who’s also struggling with his personal life. The film’s villain, Hans Gruber, is a sophisticated and intelligent terrorist who provides a worthy opponent for McClane.
Conflict: The movie is full of action-packed conflict as McClane battles the terrorists and tries to save the hostages. The tension is heightened by the fact that McClane is alone and outmatched, and the stakes are raised as he races against time to save his wife and stop the terrorists from getting away with their plan.
Plot: The plot is tightly structured and keeps the audience engaged from start to finish. The film’s pacing is excellent, alternating between moments of intense action and quieter scenes that allow the audience to catch their breath. The story is also well-crafted, with several twists and turns that keep the audience guessing.
Theme: The film explores themes of heroism, sacrifice, and redemption. McClane is forced to confront his own shortcomings as a husband and a father while also saving the lives of strangers. The film’s theme of ordinary people rising to the occasion in times of crisis adds emotional depth to the story.
Setting: The setting of the movie, Nakatomi Plaza, is a character in its own right! The skyscraper’s towering height and luxury contrast sharply with the chaos and violence unfolding inside. The setting adds to the dramatic tension, creating a sense of claustrophobia and isolation.
Performance: Bruce Willis delivers a standout performance as John McClane, bringing a mix of humour, vulnerability, and toughness to the role. He is supported by a strong cast, including Alan Rickman as Hans Gruber, who brings delicious depth and nuance to the villainous role.
‘Die Hard’ has all the key components for great storytelling – action, pacing, relatable characters, and universal themes. It remains a beloved classic of the action genre and has influenced countless films that have followed in its footsteps.
Storytelling is an art form that has captivated readers for centuries. Whether you’re a writer seeking to craft compelling fiction, or a reader looking to dive into a great story, understanding the anatomy of a great story is essential. A great story is one that draws us in with immersive world-building, well-crafted plots, and memorable characters. It explores themes that resonate and leaves a lasting impression long after the final page has been turned. By mastering the art of storytelling and paying attention to the key elements that make up great stories, writers can create works of fiction that resonate with people on a deep level.
So, whether you’re a fan of mysteries, romance, science fiction, or any other genre, take a moment to appreciate the artistry of storytelling and the power of great stories to entertain, educate, and inspire.
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
Detectives and private investigators have long been associated with a distinctive fashion style, consisting of a trench coat and a fedora hat. This iconic look has become a staple of the crime fiction genre, and its popularity has endured for decades.
Here’s a closer look at the history of the trench coat and fedora in crime fiction and why this fashion legacy still exists today.
The trench coat
The trench coat has its roots in military fashion. It was originally developed as a practical garment for soldiers in the First World War, with a durable, water-resistant design that protected them from the elements.
In the years that followed, the trench coat became popular as a stylish item of clothing for men. It was particularly popular in the film industry, where it was worn by actors such as Humphrey Bogart and Spencer Tracy in their roles as hard-boiled detectives and private investigators.
The trench coat has a rich history and has evolved over time to become the iconic garment we know today. Here are a few key milestones in the trench coat’s evolution:
The trench coat was originally developed as a military garment during World War I. Its design was based on the traditional Mackintosh coat, but with modifications that made it more practical for soldiers in the trenches. These included shoulder straps for epaulettes, a gun flap on the chest, and a storm flap on the back to help shed rain.
After the war, the trench coat became a popular civilian garment. It was particularly associated with the interwar period and the Art Deco era, and was worn by both men and women as a stylish and practical coat.
During World War II, the trench coat once again became a military garment, worn by officers and soldiers in the field. It was often made in khaki or olive drab, and was used to protect soldiers from the elements.
In the post-war period, the trench coat continued to be a popular civilian garment. It was worn by Hollywood stars and became a symbol of glamour and sophistication.
In the 1960s and 70s, the trench coat was reinterpreted by fashion designers like Yves Saint Laurent and Burberry. It became a staple of the “mod” and “preppy” styles, and was often made in bright colours or bold patterns.
In recent years, the trench coat has been embraced by high fashion once again. Designers have experimented with new fabrics, colours, and silhouettes, but the classic design elements of the trench coat – the double-breasted front, the belted waist, and the storm flap – remain timeless.
The fedora
The word “fedora” originally referred to a soft felt hat with a wide brim and a creased crown. The term is believed to have originated in the late 1800s and was named after a character in a French play called “Fedora,” which premiered in 1882.
The character, Princess Fedora, wore a hat with a soft brim and a creased crown, and the style of hat quickly became popular among fashionable women of the time. The term “fedora” eventually came to refer specifically to this style of hat, which was often made of felt and had a ribbon band around the base of the crown.
In the early 20th century, the fedora became popular with men as well, and was often worn with suits or overcoats as a stylish accessory. Today, the term “fedora” is still used to describe this classic style of hat, which remains a popular choice for both men and women who appreciate its timeless style and versatility.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the fedora became particularly associated with law enforcement officers. Police officers and detectives wore fedoras as part of their uniforms to shield their eyes from the sun and convey a sense of authority. This association with law enforcement gave the fedora a sense of rugged masculinity and toughness, which made it appealing to men of all backgrounds.
The fedora also became a popular accessory in Hollywood during this time. Many leading men of the era, including Humphrey Bogart, Cary Grant, and Clark Gable, were known for wearing fedoras both on and off the screen. Their influence helped to cement the fedora’s status as a symbol of classic masculine style.
In the post-war period, the fedora continued to be a popular accessory for men. It was often worn with suits and overcoats as a way to complete a sharp, sophisticated look. However, as fashion trends shifted in the 1960s and 1970s, the fedora fell out of favour with many men. It was seen as old-fashioned and conservative, and was often associated with the establishment and the “squares.”
Despite this, the fedora has remained a classic style that is still worn by many men today and its popularity has infused into popular culture.
Can you name all of these iconic fedora wearers?
Indiana Jones – Harrison Ford’s iconic character in the “Indiana Jones” film series is often seen wearing a fedora hat.
Frank Sinatra – The legendary crooner and actor was known for his stylish fedoras and often wore them on and off stage.
Humphrey Bogart – The classic Hollywood actor was often seen wearing a fedora in his films, including “Casablanca” and “The Maltese Falcon.”
Michael Jackson – The late pop icon was known for his signature style, which often included a fedora hat.
Bruno Mars – The Grammy-winning musician is known for his stylish fashion sense, which often includes a fedora.
Freddy Krueger – The horror movie character from “A Nightmare on Elm Street” is known for his tattered fedora hat.
Dick Tracy – The classic comic book detective is often depicted wearing a yellow trench coat and fedora hat.
The Blues Brothers – John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd’s characters in the film “The Blues Brothers” wore fedoras as part of their signature look.
Walter White – The main character in the TV series “Breaking Bad” often wore a pork pie fedora hat.
Johnny Depp – The actor is often seen wearing a fedora in his films and in public appearances.
The trench coat and fedora combo
In the 1930s, the trench coat and fedora combination began to appear in the pulp magazines of the time, which were full of tough-guy detectives and spies. The trench coat provided cover for a concealed weapon, while the fedora shielded the face from view, creating an air of mystery and danger. This look was further popularised by Hollywood films of the 1940s and 1950s, which showcased detectives and private investigators wearing the trench coat and fedora as their signature outfit.
There are several reasons for the enduring popularity of the trench coat and fedora in crime fiction. For one thing, the look is both practical and stylish, with the trench coat providing warmth and protection from the rain, and the fedora adding a touch of sophistication. The outfit also conveys a sense of authority and power, suggesting that the person wearing it is someone to be reckoned with.
But perhaps the most important reason for the trench coat and fedora’s continued popularity is their association with the detective genre. The trench coat and fedora have become a visual shorthand for the hard-boiled detective, evoking a sense of mystery, danger, and intrigue. They are instantly recognisable as symbols of the crime fiction genre, and they continue to be used in films, TV shows, and novels to this day.
So, the trench coat and fedora have become an enduring fashion legacy in crime fiction. Their popularity can be traced back to their practicality, style, and association with the detective genre. Although fashion trends may come and go, the trench coat and fedora will always remain a symbol of the hard-boiled detective and the world of crime fiction.
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Crime and killers have long captivated the public imagination, whether through sensational media coverage, true crime documentaries, or fictional depictions in books and movies. But why are we so fascinated by these dark and often disturbing topics? What drives our interest in the minds and actions of those who commit violent crimes?
In this blog post, I’ll explore some of the reasons why crime and killers have become such enduringly popular subjects and look at topics that captivate us, our fascination with the macabre, and the ways in which popular culture has both reflected and reinforced our interest in these topics.
Our fascination with killers
The public’s fascination with notorious killers such as Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer are a stark example of our captivation with the actions and motivations of criminals. These two individuals in particular, due to the heinous nature of their crimes and their widespread media coverage, have become household names and continue to be subjects of intense public interest.
Bundy’s charm and charisma, coupled with his horrific acts of violence against women, have made him a subject of fascination for decades. His high-profile trial and eventual execution only added to his infamy, with media outlets covering every aspect of his case in minute detail.
Similarly, Dahmer’s gruesome crimes, which included cannibalism and necrophilia, shocked and horrified the public. His trial, which revealed the depths of his depravity, was widely covered in the media and cemented his status as one of the most notorious killers in modern history.
The ethical dilemma
When my mum (an avid reader and a fan of gory dramas) read an early draft of ‘Justified’ she said to me, “How did you come up with such a grisly murder?” It made me think. Not so much about where the idea came from, but about the concept of murder as entertainment and the ethical dilemma faced by murder mystery and crime writers.
Recently, the same question has been raised about the glamorisation of true crime following the huge success of the Jeffery Dahmer series. True crime is one of the fastest growing genres of entertainment and its followers are insatiable, demanding more stories about humanity at its darkest.
“Serial killers tantalize people much like traffic accidents, train wrecks, or natural disasters,” Scott Bonn, professor of criminology at Drew University and author of Why We Love Serial Killers, wrote at TIME. “The public’s fascination with them can be seen as a specific manifestation of its more general fixation on violence and calamity. In other words, the actions of a serial killer may be horrible to behold but much of the public simply cannot look away due to the spectacle.”
But true crime is about real people, in real, terrible situations, and that comes with real consequences. Some insist true crime exploits victims and their families, while others argue that it helps people to process their greatest fears, that it gives an insight into our culture and norms as well as our anxieties and values. Whichever side of the fence you sit on, ethically, true crime blows through our lives on a precarious breeze.
Our enduring fascination
The enduring fascination with crime and killers is a phenomenon that has captivated people for centuries. The media is awash with true crime shows, books, and podcasts, all catering to our insatiable appetite for the dark and disturbing. But why are we so drawn to these stories of murder and mayhem?
Some might argue that people are interested in crime and killers simply because it’s human nature to be drawn to sensational or dramatic events. After all, tales of violence and wrongdoing have been part of human storytelling for millennia, from the ancient Greek myths to Shakespeare’s tragedies. However, this argument alone does not fully account for the enduring popularity of these topics.
The appeal of true crime content, in particular, is not simply due to its sensational nature. True crime often involves detailed and often graphic depictions of real-life crimes, which can provide a sense of realism and authenticity that fictional crime stories may lack. It allows us to explore the darkest corners of the human psyche and understand the motivations behind heinous acts.
Another counterargument might be that our fascination with crime and killers is a result of media sensationalism, with news outlets and entertainment companies exploiting our fear and fascination with violence for profit. While it’s true that media coverage can shape public perceptions of crime and violence, our interest in these topics long predates the rise of modern media.
For instance, newspapers in the 19th century reported on sensational murder trials, and crime fiction has been popular since the days of Edgar Allan Poe.
So what are the cultural and psychological factors that drive our fascination with crime and killers?
One possible explanation is that it provides a way to explore the darker side of human nature in a safe and controlled environment. By consuming true crime content, we can satisfy our curiosity about these topics without actually putting ourselves in danger. Additionally, it may allow us to feel a sense of superiority or moral superiority, by exploring the actions of those we consider to be deviant or immoral.
Fascination with death
As I mentioned earlier, as human beings our fascination with killers, murder and all things death related has been around for centuries.
The paradox of violence and enjoyment dates back as long as human society and recorded history, from the prehistoric period and later Roman gladiatorial games.
The Victorians were fascinated by death which extended to the production of a range of Memento Mori, objects designed to remind the owner of the death of a loved one and indeed, their own eventual demise. Photographs of dead relatives became an increasingly popular feature of family albums. Not entertainment as such, but their approach to violent crime was much more recreational:
The public would explore crime scenes before the arrival of the police following a murder.
This allowed them to view the gory scene in its entirety; dead bodies and all.
Funerals were attended out of curiosity and were quite often public events, especially if the deceased had been murdered.
Accused murderers would be executed and then potentially carried down through main street for all the spectators to see.
Image credit: Lang Pioneer Museum
In a completely morbid sense death is compelling, yet we fear it. You’d think that as we’re all so open about death – reading about it, watching people die on TV and in movies – that the process of dying shouldn’t be a taboo topic. But, as soon as death becomes personal the discussion ends. Suddenly, it’s completely unreasonable to talk about death. A guy’s head being skewered on a spike in Last Kingdom – not a problem. Talking about your own death – no thanks.
The origin of murder investigation in fiction
To bring this back to fiction, it’s perhaps no coincidence then that the first modern detective story is generally thought to be to Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” written in 1844, the Victorian era. In the story, Auguste Dupin solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women in Paris. Poe’s Dupin isn’t a detective but he decides to investigate the murders for personal amusement. He displays many attributes which became literary conventions in later fictional detectives, including Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot.
The genre has increased in popularity ever since. A quick search on Amazon for ‘murder fiction’ brings up 100k+ results.
Why is crime fiction so popular?
Crime fiction usually gives us a resolution along with an insight into what makes people tick. One of the reasons crime fiction is popular is because people are fascinated by human behaviour. Sometimes we’re warmed by the actions of others and at other times horrified and appalled by it. In fiction we can safely read about the darker side of humanity, and most of us enjoy the neatness of a crime solved and a criminal brought to justice. That doesn’t always happen in real life, but crime novels usually restore balance.
Plus, we like puzzles and piecing together the parts of the mystery. Can we solve the crime before the detective in the book?
We grow up reading stories which follow the same pattern; the big bad wolf eventually gets his comeuppance for terrorising the three little pigs. The fact that he ends up boiled alive is a whole new subject altogether, but it demonstrates two things; firstly, the parallel between children’s and adult’s stories, and secondly that we’re exposed to violent death from an early age. Bambi broke my heart!
Bambi. Credit: DisneyThe Three Little PigsWatership Down. Credit: Everett collection/Rex
For me, a good crime novel is always about the characters, their motivations and their relationships rather than the actual murder. Yes, I enjoy the pace and suspense, but ultimately, I want to know what makes the characters tick.
Because a crime scene is fascinating, but the human mind is infinitely more intriguing.
In conclusion, our fascination with crime and killers is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can’t be reduced to any single explanation. While human nature and media sensationalism may play a role, they do not fully account for the enduring popularity of these topics or the specific appeal of true crime content. Rather, a variety of cultural and psychological factors, such as our desire for justice, our fascination with the darker aspects of human nature, and our need for narrative resolution, all contribute to our ongoing interest in crime and killers.
Whether you’re a true crime enthusiast, a casual consumer of crime-related media, or simply curious about this enduring cultural fascination, I hope this blog post has given you some insights into the many factors that drive our interest in this topic.
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
The direction of the staircases in Broadstone Castle is mentioned a few times in ‘Justified’, but is it true that staircases were deliberately built in a clockwise (from the bottom upwards) direction to hinder raiders?
The theory is that attackers from below would struggle to wield a sword upwards without clanging into the central newel column (the narrowest part of the staircase) and they’d have to reach around the curve blindly while attacking. Perhaps more importantly, defenders retreating upwards would have the advantage of greater space to swing their sword arm downwards and a better view of the invaders below.
You could argue that anti-clockwise is just as problematic. Attackers would have their right hand (usually the sword wielding arm) against the outer wall of the staircase, which isn’t ideal either.
This image (from Newcastle Castle’s archives) demonstrates the issue. Undoubtedly, the attacker below is in an awkward position and is going to have a tough time swinging his sword around the central post to his right. But the chap with the axe isn’t having much fun either. His shield arm is scrunched up against the newel and he’s at risk of bashing his right arm against the outer wall as he swings.
Fighting in a tight, circular space is tough for both parties.
While there’s little solid evidence to support the case for clockwise construction, there’s also no evidence which proves otherwise. Sometimes, as John says in ‘Justified’, interpreting medieval history involves reading between sketchy lines and there’s no documented proof that potential attacks were ever an architectural or engineering consideration. You could argue, that if invaders are in your stairwell the battle is probably already lost.
A potentially more useful ploy was to build uneven stairs. The regular occupants would be aware of the irregularities, but an unseasoned invader would be more likely to stumble and alert the defenders above of their approach. Again though, were uneven steps a deliberate design feature or just a result of years of use and the availability of materials at the time?
There are also practical considerations. Someone carrying a pail in their right hand for example would find it easier to ascend in a clockwise direction. Or perhaps the stairwells were used in pairs, with one for ascending, one for descending, as passing on a spiral staircase is a tricky business. It makes sense that practical, daily considerations would outweigh the possibility of needing to fight invaders.
During my research for the book, the most comprehensive study I found on this subject was compiled by the Castle Studies Group. Established in 1987 by the then Secretary Dr Robert Higham, the Castle Studies Group includes members both professional and amateur from a wide and varied range of historical and archaeological backgrounds, both in the British Isles and overseas.
Their extensive study of this subject, including dozens of site visits, shows that while Norman castles did favour clockwise staircases, from the mid-1200s to the end of the 15th century, anti-clockwise took over. In some instances, this appeared to be a design preference or for domestic flow, with staircases in opposing towers mirroring each other rather than turning in the same direction.
So, gradually over several hundred years, the trend for clockwise evolved into a tendency to have both, and aesthetic needs overtook practical considerations.
A bit like mobile phones, which started out as handheld bricks, went smaller and smaller and are now huge again …
If you have a spiral staircase, let me know which way it goes!
If this intrigues you, more comprehensive articles on the subject can be found below:
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
I’ll be honest; we mostly planned our last family staycation based on the number of castles we could visit in one week.
I’m such a castle geek, and having visited most of the castles in the UK I was excited to discover I’d never been to any in Northumberland. Fortunately, my partner shares my love of history, and our daughters are so laid back they’re happy to romp around some ramparts for a while as long as there’s an ice cream at the end of it.
It’s a double win for me. I’m an amateur photographer and it’s a great excuse to get out my ‘big’ camera and shoot some interesting pics for the family album and my inspiration files.
Northumberland didn’t disappoint. I’m going to sound like the Tourist Board here, but it’s a beautiful part of the country, rich in history and packed with places to visit. Plus – bonus – no one was travel sick on the journey.
Lindisfarne
No trip to Northumberland is complete without a trip to Holy Island. Historically, it’s a fascinating place, and its limited accessibility adds to its mystique. The causeway road can only be crossed during certain hours when the tide out, so it varies daily. Lindisfarne Priory on the island was one of the most important centres of early Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England.
Lindisfarne prioryLindisfarne castle from the prioryPriory archThe mainland from LindisfarneThe causeway
Here’s the history bit:
St Aidan founded the monastery in AD 635, but St Cuthbert, prior of Lindisfarne, is the most celebrated of the priory’s holy men. After his death, people came to pray at the grave and claimed miracles of healing occurred after their visit. To the monks of Lindisfarne this was a clear sign that Cuthbert was now a saint in heaven and as the saint’s community, they should declare this to the world.
They decided to allow 11 years for his body to become a skeleton and then ‘elevate’ his remains on the anniversary of this death (20th March 698). To their surprise, when they opened the coffin, they found a complete and undecayed body.
The cult of St. Cuthbert began, and pilgrims began to flock to the shrine.
From the end of the 8th century, the isolated island with its rich monastery was easy prey for Viking raiders. In 875 the monks left, carrying Cuthbert’s remains, which after long wanderings were enshrined in Durham Cathedral in 1104, where they still rest. Only after that time did Durham monks re-establish a priory on Lindisfarne: the evocative ruins of the richly decorated priory church they built in c. 1150 still stand, with their famous ‘rainbow arch’ – a vault-rib of the now vanished crossing tower.
Lindisfarne castle is a distinctive landmark and can be seen on its loft crag from miles away. Following the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the Castle was built in the 1550s using stones from the demolished Priory.
Alnwick Castle
The second largest inhabited castle in the UK, Alnwick has served as a military outpost, a teaching college, a refuge for evacuees, a film set, and remains a family home. You might recognise it from the Harry Potter films, and on the day we visited there were broomstick ‘flying’ lessons and other Harry Potter themed activities happening throughout the day.
The castle construction began around 1096 and it became home to the Percy family (who still live there today) in 1309. The library is simply stunning with – cue book envy – over 14,000 books on its multi layered shelves. Because it’s still a family home, visitors are asked not to take photos inside, but this pic from the castle’s Facebook page shows the library in all its beauty.
Bamburgh Castle has stood guard above the spectacular Northumberland coastline for over 1,400 years. Spanning nine acres of land on its rocky plateau, it’s one of the largest inhabited castles in the country.
There’s been some kind of defensive structure at Bamburgh since at least the 6th century and it’s regarded as the ancient capital of the powerful kingdom of Northumbria.
Bamburgh, or it’s ancient name of Bebbanburgh, is mentioned extensively throughout the TV series ‘The Last Kingdom’. The series was filmed mostly in Hungary, but some of the battle scenes from season three were filmed on Bamburgh beach in the shadow of the famous castle. Both Robin of Sherwood (TV series) and the movie Robin Hood Prince of Thieves also used Bamburgh as a set.
Bamburgh CastleSea view
Dunstanburgh
Well worth the walk, Dunstanburgh, is an iconic castle ruin and was once one of the largest and grandest fortifications in Northern England. It was built by Thomas, the Earl of Lancaster, between 1313 and 1322, a powerful English baron and the second richest man of his time, after the king of England.
It’s a stunning ruin, and although it lacks the grandeur of Alnwick and Bamburgh, I enjoyed it the most. I like the honest simplicity of a ruin and how a ruin challenges your imagination. I’m always drawn to windows and doorways. Where did they lead to? What did the occupants see and what were they thinking as they looked out across the beautiful landscape? Some of the more manicured castles fill in those precious gaps too much for me.
Dunstanburgh approach
There are 70 castles in Northumberland, and we managed to visit three. In our defence, we were distracted by the gorgeous beach near our cottage and hindered by a couple of days of good old British rain.
Which castle provided the inspiration for Broadstone?
Although Broadstone is fictitious and an amalgamation of all the beautiful castles I’ve visited over the years, Kenilworth castle can probably take the credit for inspiring me the most. I first went in my late teens and I remember feeling a profound spiritual connection to it that I still can’t really explain. It’s mostly a ruin, but it blew me away.
Image credit: English HeritageImage credit: English Heritage
The image of the keep (right) is the closest visually to how I imagine Broadstone castle.
Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.
Wendy Turner-Hargreaves 