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Blooming Businesses with Data and Creativity: Your Marketing Ally Forget the stereotype of stuffy marketers! My journey has been anything but ordinary, from the vibrant world of floral arrangements to the fast-paced environment of acquisitions. This unique blend of experiences has equipped me with a powerful toolkit for helping businesses bloom online. I don't just have a flair for aesthetics (thanks to my florist background!), I'm also a crime fiction author and a data whiz with a love for investigating spreadsheets. It's this combination of creative spark and analytical geekiness that allows me to truly understand your brand story, identify your ideal customers, and develop marketing strategies that drive results. The most rewarding part? Watching your business flourish! There's nothing quite like the satisfaction of solving your marketing challenges, seeing a team come together around your vision, and witnessing your success. So, are you a data geek with a creative spirit? If so, then let's chat! I'm here to help you unlock your marketing potential and bring your business story to life. Drop me a message if I can help you in some way.

Furry Foes and Sleuthing Sidekicks: The Use of Animals in Crime Fiction

Posted on April 3, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

Crime fiction is a genre that has been popular for decades, captivating readers with thrilling tales of suspense, mystery, and intrigue. While human protagonists typically take centre stage in these stories, animals have also played a significant role in many works of crime fiction. From furry foes to sleuthing sidekicks, animals have been used in various ways to add depth and complexity to the genre.

Here’s an exploration of the use of animals in crime fiction, examining how they have been used to enhance storytelling, develop characters, and create unique and memorable narratives. So grab your magnifying glass and get ready to delve into the world of crime fiction and its four-legged (and feathered) accomplices!

Dogs

Let’s start with a classic: The “hound” in “The Hound of the Baskervilles”.

The “hound” is a central character and a crucial element of the novel’s plot, a legendary spectral dog that haunts the Baskerville family and is said to be responsible for the death of Sir Charles Baskerville.

The hound is used as a symbol of fear, superstition, and the supernatural, which plays an important role in creating the suspenseful and eerie atmosphere of the novel. The image of the hound is built up through descriptions of its terrifying appearance and the mysterious circumstances surrounding its supposed existence.

The hound also serves as a key plot device as the story progresses. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson investigate the Baskerville family’s history and the curse of the hound, attempting to uncover the truth behind the supposed supernatural events. The hound is also used to create a sense of danger and tension in the novel’s climactic scenes. Its final appearance is a dramatic and frightening moment, providing a thrilling conclusion to the story.

The hound plays a vital role in “The Hound of the Baskervilles,” serving as a powerful symbol and a central plot device, contributing to the novel’s suspenseful and thrilling atmosphere.

Slight digression: the “hound” used in the film was a great dane called Blitzen. As a former great dane owner it tickles me that a dane was used to depict the ultimate scary beast. They’re the softest creatures in dogland!

Fiction (left) versus reality (right). My big softie Strider.

There are many examples of trusty canine sidekicks in crime fiction including Tara in the Andy Carpenter series by David Rosenfelt – a golden retriever owned by lawyer Andy Carpenter, who assists him in his investigations. In the Chet and Bernie mystery series by Spencer Quinn, Chet is a dog and the sidekick of private investigator Bernie Little.

Sleeping Dog, written by Dick Lochte, is considered a ground-breaking crime fiction novel, and the credit goes to Groucho, the missing dog that serves as the main plot device. Groucho’s abduction prompts a 14-year old girl named Serendipity to seek out the help of private investigator Leo Bloodworth in finding her beloved pet. The thrilling escapade that follows has become a classic in the genre, earning accolades such as the Nero Wolf Award, and being a finalist for the Shamus, Anthony, and Edgar Awards. Additionally, it has also been listed as one of the Independent Mystery Booksellers Association’s 100 favourite mysteries of the century.

Although Artie Deemer is the main protagonist in Dallas Murphy’s crime fiction series, it’s Jellyroll who steals the spotlight. This Edgar Award-winning series has made Jellyroll one of the most recognisable dogs in crime fiction, and even prompted death threats directed at the celebrity dog in Don’t Explain. With appearances on the big screen, television, and dog food packaging, Jellyroll is more of a “Bankroll,” given that his earnings finance Artie’s escapades.

Cats

Cats are inherently inquisitive, cunning and stealthy which makes them purrfect (sorry, couldn’t resist) slinky sleuths, particularly in cosy mysteries. They’re fearless and sassy and not afraid to dip their claws into the most dastardly of dark deeds.

Feline fact finders can be found in these cosies:

Cat Chase the Moon, Shirley Rousseau Murphy.
Furmidable Foes, Rita Mae Brown.
Cat in an Alphabet Endgame, Carole Nelson Douglas.
A Cat on the Case, Clea Simon.
Purrfect Murder, Nic Saint.
The No. 2 Feline Detective Agency, Mandy Morton.

One of the most common symbolic uses of cats is to represent a sense of mystery or enigma. This is often seen in the way that cats are depicted as independent, aloof creatures who are difficult to read or understand. In this way, cats can be seen as a metaphor for the elusive and mysterious nature of crime itself.

Another common symbolic use of cats in crime fiction is to represent danger or evil. This is often seen in the way that cats are depicted as predators, stalking their prey and striking with deadly precision. In some cases, cats are even portrayed as being in league with the criminal underworld, acting as accomplices to the villains of the story.

On the other hand, cats can also be used to symbolise wisdom and intuition. In some stories, cats are portrayed as being able to sense danger or evil before it becomes apparent to humans. They are also sometimes shown as being able to guide the protagonist towards the solution of a crime through their intuition and keen sense of observation.

Cats are often associated with the supernatural and the occult, due to their nocturnal nature and their connection to witches and magic. This has led to cats being portrayed as both good and evil in various works of literature and media.

Overall, the symbolism of cats varies depending on the culture and context in which they are portrayed. However, some common themes include mystery, independence, agility, femininity, grace, and the supernatural.

Birds

Birds are used in crime fiction to represent different themes, depending on the type of bird. Owls, for example, represent wisdom and insight, and are often used as a symbol of the detective’s intelligence and analytical skills.

Crows and ravens, on the other hand, represent danger and foreboding, and are often used to create a sense of impending doom in the story. In Daphne du Maurier’s “Rebecca,” the sinister presence of crows and ravens around the Manderley estate creates a sense of foreboding and impending danger.

Horses

Horses have been used as a powerful symbol in literature, art, and mythology for centuries. The symbolism of horses can vary depending on the cultural context and the specific work of art or literature, but some common themes and interpretations include:

Strength and Power: Horses are often associated with strength, speed, and power. In many cultures, horses were used as a mode of transportation in warfare, and their strength and speed made them a valuable asset on the battlefield. In literature and art, horses are often depicted as powerful and majestic creatures, representing strength and endurance.
Freedom: Horses are also associated with freedom, as they are able to run and roam freely in open spaces. In literature and art, horses are often used as a symbol of freedom, representing the desire to break free from constraints and live a life of independence and adventure.
Spirituality and Mysticism: Horses represent spirituality and mysticism in some cultures. In Hindu mythology, for example, horses are associated with the sun and are seen as symbols of spiritual strength and power. In some Native American cultures, horses are seen as messengers between the physical world and the spiritual realm.
Loyalty and Friendship: Horses are also known for their loyalty and their close bond with their human companions. In literature and art, horses are often depicted as loyal and steadfast companions, representing the qualities of loyalty and friendship.
Death: In some cultures, horses are associated with death and the afterlife. In Norse mythology, for example, the god Odin was said to ride an eight-legged horse named Sleipnir that could carry him to the underworld. In some Native American cultures, horses were believed to carry the spirits of the dead to the afterlife.

In Dick Francis’s novel “Break In,” a horse trainer named Kit Fielding becomes involved in a series of crimes related to the racing industry. The novel features several scenes of horse racing and training, and the horses themselves play a key role in the plot.

Michael Connelly’s “The Black Echo,” also features horses when LAPD detective Harry Bosch investigates a murder that appears to be linked to a group of horse thieves. The novel features several scenes set in the world of horse racing, and the stolen horses play a key role in the plot.

Snakes

Snakes have been used as symbols in fiction to represent various ideas and concepts, including:

Evil or temptation: Snakes are often associated with the devil or other dark, malevolent forces in many cultures, and are used to represent temptation, corruption, and evil in literature.
Transformation and rebirth: In some cultures, snakes are seen as symbols of transformation and renewal, shedding their skin and emerging as a new, transformed being. This idea is often used in literature to represent personal growth or spiritual enlightenment.
Deception or trickery: Because snakes are often associated with cunning and stealth, they are also used in literature to represent deception or trickery. For example, in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth,” the witches who prophesy Macbeth’s rise to power compare him to a snake.
Danger and threat: Snakes are also seen as symbols of danger and threat, due to their venomous nature and reputation as predators. In literature, snakes are often used to create a sense of danger or foreboding, or to represent an ominous presence.

In Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Adventure of the Speckled Band,” a speckled band is revealed to be a venomous snake that is used as a murder weapon. The snake is a key element in the mystery, and its deadly nature represents the danger that threatens the characters.

“The Speckled Band” is a classic locked-room mystery that deals with the themes of parental greed, inheritance and freedom. Tinged with Gothic elements, it is considered by many to be one of Doyle’s finest works, with the author himself calling it his best story.

Insects

Insects have been used as symbols in fiction to represent various ideas and concepts, including:

Transformation and metamorphosis: Insects, particularly butterflies and moths, are often used to represent the idea of transformation and metamorphosis.
Decay and death: Insects are also associated with decay and death, as they are often found around decomposing matter. In literature, insects are used to represent the inevitability of death and the transience of life.
Repulsion and disgust: Because insects are often seen as creepy, crawly, and repulsive, they are also used in literature to create a sense of revulsion and disgust. Insects can be used to represent the ugliness or darkness within characters, or to create an unsettling atmosphere.
Persistence and resilience: Insects are known for their persistence and resilience, and are often used in literature to represent these qualities.

In Thomas Harris’s “The Silence of the Lambs,” the character of Jame Gumb, also known as “Buffalo Bill,” has a death’s head moth as a significant symbol.

The death’s head moth is a symbol of transformation and metamorphosis, as it goes through several stages of development before emerging as a fully-formed adult. In the novel, this symbol represents the transformation that Gumb seeks to achieve through his gruesome crimes, as he is attempting to create a “woman suit” to wear as a means of becoming someone else entirely.

The moth symbol in “The Silence of the Lambs” serves to underscore the theme of transformation and metamorphosis, and highlights the disturbing nature of Gumb’s obsession with changing his own identity.

In conclusion, animals have played a significant role in many works of crime fiction, adding depth and complexity to the genre. Dogs have been used as both fearsome foes and loyal sidekicks, contributing to the suspenseful atmosphere and aiding the protagonists in their investigations. Cats, on the other hand, have been portrayed as elusive and mysterious creatures, representing both danger and wisdom, and their connection to the supernatural adds an element of intrigue to many stories.

Animals have proven to be a valuable asset in enhancing storytelling, developing characters, and creating unique and memorable narratives in crime fiction.

Thanks for taking the time to read this post. If you found it informative and entertaining, please consider sharing it with your friends and followers on social media. And if you have any feedback or suggestions for future topics, I’d love to hear from you in the comments below. Don’t forget to subscribe for more content and updates, or pop over to my newsletter page for more crime stuff, direct to your inbox every month.

See you soon.

Wendy

The Trench Coat and Fedora: A Fashion Legacy in Crime Fiction

Posted on March 25, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

Detectives and private investigators have long been associated with a distinctive fashion style, consisting of a trench coat and a fedora hat. This iconic look has become a staple of the crime fiction genre, and its popularity has endured for decades.

Here’s a closer look at the history of the trench coat and fedora in crime fiction and why this fashion legacy still exists today.

The trench coat

The trench coat has its roots in military fashion. It was originally developed as a practical garment for soldiers in the First World War, with a durable, water-resistant design that protected them from the elements.

In the years that followed, the trench coat became popular as a stylish item of clothing for men. It was particularly popular in the film industry, where it was worn by actors such as Humphrey Bogart and Spencer Tracy in their roles as hard-boiled detectives and private investigators.

The trench coat has a rich history and has evolved over time to become the iconic garment we know today. Here are a few key milestones in the trench coat’s evolution:

The trench coat was originally developed as a military garment during World War I. Its design was based on the traditional Mackintosh coat, but with modifications that made it more practical for soldiers in the trenches. These included shoulder straps for epaulettes, a gun flap on the chest, and a storm flap on the back to help shed rain.
After the war, the trench coat became a popular civilian garment. It was particularly associated with the interwar period and the Art Deco era, and was worn by both men and women as a stylish and practical coat.
During World War II, the trench coat once again became a military garment, worn by officers and soldiers in the field. It was often made in khaki or olive drab, and was used to protect soldiers from the elements.
In the post-war period, the trench coat continued to be a popular civilian garment. It was worn by Hollywood stars and became a symbol of glamour and sophistication.
In the 1960s and 70s, the trench coat was reinterpreted by fashion designers like Yves Saint Laurent and Burberry. It became a staple of the “mod” and “preppy” styles, and was often made in bright colours or bold patterns.
In recent years, the trench coat has been embraced by high fashion once again. Designers have experimented with new fabrics, colours, and silhouettes, but the classic design elements of the trench coat – the double-breasted front, the belted waist, and the storm flap – remain timeless.

The fedora

The word “fedora” originally referred to a soft felt hat with a wide brim and a creased crown. The term is believed to have originated in the late 1800s and was named after a character in a French play called “Fedora,” which premiered in 1882.

The character, Princess Fedora, wore a hat with a soft brim and a creased crown, and the style of hat quickly became popular among fashionable women of the time. The term “fedora” eventually came to refer specifically to this style of hat, which was often made of felt and had a ribbon band around the base of the crown.

In the early 20th century, the fedora became popular with men as well, and was often worn with suits or overcoats as a stylish accessory. Today, the term “fedora” is still used to describe this classic style of hat, which remains a popular choice for both men and women who appreciate its timeless style and versatility.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the fedora became particularly associated with law enforcement officers. Police officers and detectives wore fedoras as part of their uniforms to shield their eyes from the sun and convey a sense of authority. This association with law enforcement gave the fedora a sense of rugged masculinity and toughness, which made it appealing to men of all backgrounds.

The fedora also became a popular accessory in Hollywood during this time. Many leading men of the era, including Humphrey Bogart, Cary Grant, and Clark Gable, were known for wearing fedoras both on and off the screen. Their influence helped to cement the fedora’s status as a symbol of classic masculine style.

In the post-war period, the fedora continued to be a popular accessory for men. It was often worn with suits and overcoats as a way to complete a sharp, sophisticated look. However, as fashion trends shifted in the 1960s and 1970s, the fedora fell out of favour with many men. It was seen as old-fashioned and conservative, and was often associated with the establishment and the “squares.”

Despite this, the fedora has remained a classic style that is still worn by many men today and its popularity has infused into popular culture.

Can you name all of these iconic fedora wearers?

Indiana Jones – Harrison Ford’s iconic character in the “Indiana Jones” film series is often seen wearing a fedora hat.
Frank Sinatra – The legendary crooner and actor was known for his stylish fedoras and often wore them on and off stage.
Humphrey Bogart – The classic Hollywood actor was often seen wearing a fedora in his films, including “Casablanca” and “The Maltese Falcon.”
Michael Jackson – The late pop icon was known for his signature style, which often included a fedora hat.
Bruno Mars – The Grammy-winning musician is known for his stylish fashion sense, which often includes a fedora.
Freddy Krueger – The horror movie character from “A Nightmare on Elm Street” is known for his tattered fedora hat.
Dick Tracy – The classic comic book detective is often depicted wearing a yellow trench coat and fedora hat.
The Blues Brothers – John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd’s characters in the film “The Blues Brothers” wore fedoras as part of their signature look.
Walter White – The main character in the TV series “Breaking Bad” often wore a pork pie fedora hat.
Johnny Depp – The actor is often seen wearing a fedora in his films and in public appearances.

The trench coat and fedora combo

In the 1930s, the trench coat and fedora combination began to appear in the pulp magazines of the time, which were full of tough-guy detectives and spies. The trench coat provided cover for a concealed weapon, while the fedora shielded the face from view, creating an air of mystery and danger. This look was further popularised by Hollywood films of the 1940s and 1950s, which showcased detectives and private investigators wearing the trench coat and fedora as their signature outfit.

There are several reasons for the enduring popularity of the trench coat and fedora in crime fiction. For one thing, the look is both practical and stylish, with the trench coat providing warmth and protection from the rain, and the fedora adding a touch of sophistication. The outfit also conveys a sense of authority and power, suggesting that the person wearing it is someone to be reckoned with.

But perhaps the most important reason for the trench coat and fedora’s continued popularity is their association with the detective genre. The trench coat and fedora have become a visual shorthand for the hard-boiled detective, evoking a sense of mystery, danger, and intrigue. They are instantly recognisable as symbols of the crime fiction genre, and they continue to be used in films, TV shows, and novels to this day.

So, the trench coat and fedora have become an enduring fashion legacy in crime fiction. Their popularity can be traced back to their practicality, style, and association with the detective genre. Although fashion trends may come and go, the trench coat and fedora will always remain a symbol of the hard-boiled detective and the world of crime fiction.

See you soon.

Wendy

From Femme Fatales to Sleuths: Tracing the History of Women in Crime Fiction

Posted on March 19, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

When it comes to crime fiction, strong female characters are often at the forefront of the action. They bring a unique perspective to the genre, one that challenges traditional gender stereotypes and offers a refreshing alternative to the usual male-dominated narrative. These characters are smart, resourceful, and never back down from a challenge, no matter how daunting it may seem.

Crime fiction has long been a popular genre, capturing the attention of readers with its gripping plots and suspenseful twists. And while the genre is often associated with male detectives and hard-boiled protagonists, women have been an integral part of crime fiction from its earliest days.

From the classic femme fatales of the 1940s to the modern-day sleuths, here’s a brief history of women in crime fiction.

The Femme Fatale Era

The femme fatale era of crime fiction emerged during the 1940s, a time of great social upheaval. World War II was raging overseas, and at home, women were entering the workforce in large numbers to support the war effort. This led to a shift in traditional gender roles and challenged the notion of women as passive and submissive.

In the world of crime fiction, this changing social landscape was reflected in the portrayal of women as complex and multi-dimensional characters. The femme fatale archetype emerged as a response to the shifting power dynamics between men and women.

Femme fatales were often depicted as beautiful and alluring, using their sexuality and charm to manipulate men into doing their bidding. They were smart and cunning, often outwitting the male detectives who sought to bring them to justice.

But while femme fatales were powerful and independent, they were also deeply flawed characters. They were often motivated by greed or revenge, and their actions often had dire consequences for themselves and the men who fell under their spell.

One of the key themes of the femme fatale era was the idea of female agency. Femme fatales were not passive victims or objects of desire, but active participants in their own lives. They challenged traditional notions of femininity and defied the expectations placed upon them by society.

At the same time, however, the portrayal of femme fatales was often problematic. They were frequently depicted as immoral or evil, reinforcing negative stereotypes about women and their sexuality. In many cases, they were punished for their transgressions, either through death or imprisonment.

Despite these limitations, the femme fatale era marked an important milestone in the history of women in crime fiction. It paved the way for future generations of strong and complex female characters, who would challenge gender stereotypes and redefine the genre in their own image.

One of the most iconic examples of the femme fatale is Phyllis Dietrichson from James M. Cain’s “Double Indemnity.” The novel was adapted into a classic film noir in 1944, with Barbara Stanwyck portraying Phyllis as a scheming housewife who conspires with insurance salesman Walter Neff to murder her husband. Other notable femme fatales from this era include Brigid O’Shaughnessy from Dashiell Hammett’s “The Maltese Falcon” and Kathie Moffat from “Out of the Past” by Daniel Mainwaring.

The Rise of Female Sleuths

As the years went on, the portrayal of women in crime fiction began to shift. Instead of being relegated to supporting roles or being portrayed as dangerous seductresses, women began to take centre stage as detectives and sleuths. The 1970s saw the rise of female private investigators like Sue Grafton’s Kinsey Millhone and Sara Paretsky’s V.I. Warshawski, who broke down gender barriers in the genre and proved that women could be just as tough and capable as their male counterparts.

In the 1990s, the popularity of cosy mysteries soared, and female protagonists became even more prevalent. These books often featured amateur detectives or small-town sleuths, and their heroines were typically smart, resourceful women who used their wits to solve crimes. Series like “The Cat Who…” by Lilian Jackson Braun and the “Miss Marple” novels by Agatha Christie paved the way for a new generation of cosy mysteries, and female authors like Janet Evanovich and Charlaine Harris became household names with their bestselling series.

Modern-Day Heroines

Today, female protagonists are more prevalent than ever in crime fiction. They come in all shapes and sizes, from hard-edged detectives to amateur sleuths to forensic experts. These heroines are strong, complex characters who challenge readers’ expectations.

One of the most popular modern-day heroines is Lisbeth Salander from Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” series. Lisbeth is a brilliant hacker with a troubled past who becomes entangled in a web of corruption and violence. She’s a survivor and a fighter, and her unapologetic approach to life has made her an icon of feminist crime fiction.

Another popular series featuring a female detective is Tana French’s “Dublin Murder Squad” novels. French’s protagonists are complex and flawed, and their investigations often bring them face-to-face with their own personal demons. In “In the Woods,” for example, detective Cassie Maddox is forced to confront her past when she investigates the murder of a young girl who bears a striking resemblance to her.

The history of women in crime fiction is a long and fascinating one. From the femme fatales of the 1940s to the female sleuths of the 1970s and beyond , women have been an integral part of the genre, both as characters and as authors. Over the years, the portrayal of women in crime fiction has evolved, reflecting changing attitudes towards gender roles and female empowerment.

Today, readers of crime fiction have a wealth of strong female characters to choose from, each with their own unique personality and approach to solving crimes. Whether they’re hard-edged detectives, quirky amateur sleuths, or brilliant forensic experts, these heroines are a testament to the power and resilience of women in the face of danger and adversity.

Not just the main event – secondary characters

In crime novels, strong female characters can take on a variety of roles. They can be detectives, witnesses, victims, or even villains. Regardless of their position in the story, these women are multi-dimensional and powerful. They’re not just sidekicks or love interests – they’re the driving force behind the narrative.

Although there are some notable female detectives in crime fiction, there are other, secondary characters who have just as much impact on the storyline and plot:

Three stand out for me:

• Lucy Farinelli from “The Scarpetta Factor” by Patricia Cornwell – Lucy is a forensic investigator who works alongside the main protagonist, Dr. Kay Scarpetta. She is highly skilled in her field and provides invaluable insights and support to Scarpetta throughout the investigation.

• Annie Cabbot from “In a Dry Season” by Peter Robinson – Annie is a police detective who works alongside the main protagonist, Detective Inspector Alan Banks, to solve a decades-old murder case. She is intelligent, resourceful, and not afraid to challenge Banks when she disagrees with his methods.

• Dr. Maura Isles from “The Surgeon” by Tess Gerritsen – Dr. Isles is a medical examiner who works alongside the main protagonist, Detective Jane Rizzoli, to solve a series of gruesome murders. She is highly skilled in her field and provides valuable insights into the victims’ injuries and cause of death.

I would also add Lisbeth Salander from “The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo” by Stieg Larsson (again!) and Katrin Siska from “The Man Who Watched Women” by Michael Hjorth and Hans Rosenfeldt.

These characters are all strong, complex, and multi-dimensional, and they play important roles in their respective stories, proving that women can be just as capable and intelligent as men in the world of crime fiction.

In a genre that is often dominated by male characters, these women provide a much-needed balance. They prove that strength and intelligence are not exclusive to men and that women can be just as capable in high-pressure situations.

The power of vulnerability

The vulnerability of strong female characters is what truly sets them apart in crime fiction. While they may be incredibly capable and intelligent, they are not invincible, and they are not perfect. They are flawed, they make mistakes, and they struggle with their own inner demons, just like any other human being.

It’s this vulnerability that makes these characters so relatable to readers. We see ourselves in their struggles and their triumphs. We understand what it’s like to face obstacles and challenges, and we root for these characters to succeed, even when the odds are stacked against them.

But this vulnerability is not just a plot device – it’s a reflection of the reality that many women face in their everyday lives. Women are often subjected to societal pressures and expectations that can be overwhelming and daunting. They are expected to be perfect, to have it all together, and to never show weakness or vulnerability. But this is an unrealistic and unhealthy standard to live up to.

In crime fiction, strong female characters provide a refreshing alternative to this unrealistic expectation. They show us that it’s okay to be vulnerable, to have flaws, and to struggle. They show us that it’s possible to be strong and capable while also being human and imperfect.

These characters serve as role models for young girls, showing them that they can be anything they want to be, regardless of their gender. They offer a sense of empowerment and inspiration, reminding us that women are capable of achieving greatness and breaking down barriers.

Who are my favourites?

If I have to choose, there are two standout characters for me, both sassy and inspirational women and beautifully written.

Jane Rizzoli – Tess Gerritsen

Detective Chief Inspector Jane Rizzoli is a complex and dynamic character in Tess Gerritsen’s crime fiction novel “The Surgeon.” As the main detective of the story, she is highly competent and driven, but also flawed and vulnerable.

Rizzoli is a tough and determined investigator who takes charge of the case involving a serial killer who has been terrorizing the city. She is respected by her colleagues and superiors for her intelligence, attention to detail, and ability to think outside the box. She is also highly dedicated to her job, often putting in long hours and sacrificing her personal life for the sake of the investigation.

However, Rizzoli also has a darker side. She has a strained relationship with her family, particularly her mother, who disapproves of her career and often belittles her. Rizzoli also has a tendency to push people away and isolate herself, which can make it difficult for her to form close relationships or trust others.

Throughout the novel, Rizzoli struggles to balance her personal and professional life while also dealing with the trauma of her own past, which is connected to the case she is investigating. Her weaknesses and faults make her a relatable and human character, and her determination and strength make her a powerful force in the story.

Overall, Detective Chief Inspector Jane Rizzoli is a well-rounded and compelling character who adds depth and complexity to the crime fiction genre.

Jane Tennison from “Prime Suspect” by Lynda La Plante

Jane Tennison is a strong and complex character in Lynda La Plante’s crime fiction series “Prime Suspect.” As a female detective in a male-dominated profession, she faces many challenges and obstacles but rises to the top of her field through her intelligence, tenacity, and perseverance.

Throughout the series, Tennison’s character develops and evolves. In the beginning, she is often dismissed and underestimated by her colleagues due to her gender. However, she proves herself time and time again through her excellent detective work and determination to solve even the toughest cases.

Tennison is portrayed as a flawed character, with a complex personal life and a tendency to struggle with alcoholism. However, she is also highly dedicated to her job and is willing to put in the long hours and hard work necessary to succeed.

One of Tennison’s defining traits is her willingness to go against the norms and expectations of her profession and society at large. She challenges gender stereotypes and expectations of how a female detective should behave, often facing criticism and pushback from her colleagues.

Despite the challenges she faces, Tennison is a highly competent and respected detective who is able to solve even the most difficult cases. She is a powerful representation of a strong, independent woman who can succeed in a male-dominated profession through her intelligence, hard work, and determination.

Overall, Jane Tennison is a dynamic and multi-faceted character who adds depth and complexity to the crime fiction genre. She is a powerful representation of a strong female character who challenges the status quo.

So, strong female characters are a force to be reckoned with in crime novels. They bring a fresh perspective to the genre and challenge traditional gender stereotypes. These characters are multi-dimensional, powerful, and relatable, offering readers a glimpse into what it means to be a strong, capable woman in today’s world.

See you soon.

Wendy

Sidekicks in Crime Fiction: Adding Depth to Character Dynamics

Featured

Posted on March 18, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

Crime fiction is a genre that has captured the hearts and minds of readers for centuries. From classic detective novels to modern thrillers, crime fiction has the power to transport readers to the dark underbelly of society and immerse them in a world of danger, intrigue, and suspense.

One of the key elements that sets crime fiction apart from other genres is the dynamic between the protagonist and their sidekick. Often serving as a sounding board, comic relief, or even a source of conflict, sidekicks can add depth to character dynamics and provide a unique perspective on the story.

Sidekicks come in many forms, from law enforcement partners to criminal accomplices. Police procedural novels often feature partners in law enforcement, such as detectives, FBI agents, or other law enforcement officials. These partners often serve as sounding boards for the protagonist, bouncing ideas off each other and working together to solve the case.

In contrast, criminal accomplices can offer a unique perspective on a case. These sidekicks may be reluctant or unwilling partners in crime, forced to work with the protagonist for their own reasons. This can create a complex and morally ambiguous relationship between the protagonist and their sidekick.

Here are a few examples of famous sidekicks in crime fiction:

Dr. John Watson from Arthur Conan Doyle’s “Sherlock Holmes” series
Robin Ellacott from Robert Galbraith’s “Cormoran Strike” series
Sergeant Lewis from Colin Dexter’s “Inspector Morse” series
Ariadne Oliver from Agatha Christie’s “Hercule Poirot” series
Detective Sergeant Barbara Havers from Elizabeth George’s “Inspector Lynley” series
Watson Bryant from John Grisham’s “The Runaway Jury”
Jesse Stone from Robert B. Parker’s “Jesse Stone” series
Marty Hart from Nic Pizzolatto’s “True Detective”
Hawk from Robert B. Parker’s “Spenser” series
Tinker Dill from Dashiell Hammett’s “The Thin Man”

One of the key functions of a sidekick in crime fiction is to help the protagonist navigate through the complex world of crime. Whether it’s providing technical expertise, emotional support, or even physical backup, sidekicks often play a vital role in helping the protagonist achieve their goals. By working together, the protagonist and their sidekick can overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles and bring criminals to justice.

But sidekicks are more than just a means to an end – they can also be fully-realised characters in their own right. Some sidekicks are just as complex and intriguing as the protagonist, with their own motivations, fears, and desires. In some cases, the sidekick may even have their own character arc or storyline that runs parallel to the protagonist’s. This adds an additional layer of depth to the story and can keep readers engaged and invested in both characters.

True Detective

One of my personal favourites is Marty Hart in ‘True Detective’. Marty Hart is a prime example of a sidekick who serves as a foil to the protagonist in crime fiction. In “True Detective,” he is the partner and friend of the main character, Rustin “Rust” Cohle, and provides a contrasting perspective to Cohle’s pessimistic and nihilistic worldview.

Hart, played by Woody Harrelson in the television series, is a family man with a more optimistic and traditional outlook on life. He is a detective in the Louisiana State Police and has a more grounded and practical approach to police work compared to Cohle’s more philosophical approach. Hart is also a flawed character with a complicated personal life, including infidelity and alcoholism, which contrasts with Cohle’s more monastic lifestyle.

Throughout the series, Hart serves as a sounding board for Cohle’s ideas and theories, challenging him when he goes too far in his bleak worldview. At the same time, Hart’s flaws and mistakes are exposed, highlighting the differences between the two characters and adding depth to their relationship.

Marty Hart’s character is an excellent example of how a sidekick can add complexity to a crime fiction story by serving as a foil to the protagonist. By offering a contrasting perspective to the main character, sidekicks like Hart can add depth to the story and highlight the protagonist’s flaws and strengths.

If you haven’t seen this series I highly recommend it. Matthew McConaughey’s performance is an acting masterclass.

Dr Watson

Dr. John Watson is one of the most iconic sidekicks in crime fiction and an integral part of the “Sherlock Holmes” series by Arthur Conan Doyle. He serves as the loyal friend and partner of the brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes and is the narrator of most of the stories in the series.

Watson is a former army surgeon who meets Holmes through a mutual acquaintance and becomes his flatmate and assistant in his investigations. He provides a contrasting perspective to Holmes, who is known for his cold and analytical approach to crime-solving. Watson is more empathetic and emotional, often serving as the emotional anchor to Holmes’ more detached persona.

Portrayals of Dr Watson. Image credit: sherlockshome.net

Throughout the series, Watson’s character develops beyond his initial role as a narrator and sidekick. He grows in his own right as a character, eventually becoming a successful writer and even marrying and starting a family. Watson’s character is also used as a tool for Conan Doyle to provide exposition and backstory for Holmes and the cases they investigate.

Watson’s role as a sidekick is essential to the “Sherlock Holmes” series, as he provides a more human and relatable perspective to the genius detective. His contrasting personality and role as a supportive friend and partner make him an excellent foil to Holmes, highlighting the detective’s eccentricities and making the dynamic between the two characters all the more compelling.

Doyle himself spoke highly of Watson, calling him a “character for whom I have the highest regard” and “a composite of several of my medical friends and myself.” He also acknowledged that the character of Watson was essential to the success of the Sherlock Holmes stories, stating that “Holmes, who has no peer in solving small puzzles, is eclipsed by his own sidekick in the larger one of personality.”

If Watson interests you, this is a great article on the different portrayals of him in film and on TV. https://sherlockshome.net/2016/05/27/10-greatest-ever-portrayals-of-dr-watson

Unusual partnerships

Aside from the typical detective partnerships, often two completely different (and often opposing) characters come together in crime solving unity. I love these unlikely pairings, and the exploration of their relationship adds another layer of intrigue to the central investigative plotline.

Here are a few notable ones:

“The Alienist” by Caleb Carr – In this novel, the unconventional trio of detectives – a newspaper reporter named John Moore, a female secretary named Sara Howard, and a criminal psychologist named Dr. Laszlo Kreizler – are tasked with tracking down a serial killer who is targeting young boys in New York City. Despite their differences and occasional clashes, the trio must work together to unravel the mystery and stop the killer before he strikes again.

“The Surgeon” by Tess Gerritsen – In this novel, Boston detective Jane Rizzoli teams up with FBI agent Gabriel Dean to catch a sadistic killer who preys on young women. Rizzoli is initially skeptical of Dean’s involvement, but as they work together to solve the case, they develop a mutual respect and understanding.

Interestingly, in the US TV series Rizzoli and Isles, Rizzoli partners up on her investigations with friend and pathologist Maura Isles. I’m a huge fan. Their multi-level dynamic is lovely, and their contrasting traits and personalities perfectly compliment each other.

“The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo” by Stieg Larsson – In this novel, journalist Mikael Blomkvist hires Lisbeth Salander, a brilliant but troubled hacker, to help him investigate a decades-old case involving a wealthy family. Despite their vastly different personalities and backgrounds, Blomkvist and Salander form an unlikely partnership as they unravel the dark secrets of the family.

“The Silent Patient” by Alex Michaelides – In this novel, psychiatrist Theo Faber becomes obsessed with treating Alicia Berenson, a woman who has been accused of murdering her husband and has not spoken a word since the crime. As he delves deeper into her case, he enlists the help of a former criminal named Theo, who holds the key to unlocking Alicia’s secrets. Together, they form an unlikely partnership as they uncover the truth about what happened the night of the murder.

“The Poet” by Michael Connelly – In this novel, retired FBI agent Rachel Walling teams up with crime reporter Jack McEvoy to investigate a series of murders that may be linked to a notorious serial killer known as “The Poet.” Despite their initial mistrust and professional rivalry, Walling and McEvoy must work together to solve the case and stop the killer before he strikes again.

Conclusion

Sidekicks are an essential part of crime fiction, offering a fresh perspective on a case and adding depth to character dynamics. Whether they are partners in law enforcement or criminal accomplices, sidekicks can create tension and conflict, highlighting the strengths and flaws of the protagonist. They have the power to elevate the reading experience and make the story more engaging and immersive.

So, the next time you pick up a crime novel, take a moment to appreciate the role of the sidekick – you never know, they just might be your new favourite character.

I’m an avid reader, so I can’t wait to meet more of them!

See you soon.

Wendy

Unpacking the Power of Storytelling: A Look at Our Ancient Connection to Narrative

Posted on February 26, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

From ancient myths to modern blockbusters, storytelling has been a fundamental part of human culture for thousands of years. We love to hear stories, whether they’re told around a campfire, read in a book, or watched on a screen. But why do stories captivate us so much? What is it about a good tale that can transport us to another world, evoke strong emotions, and leave a lasting impression?

In this blog post, I’m going to look at the psychological and cultural reasons why humans are drawn to stories and why they continue to be such a powerful force in our lives.

Reading stories with my mum is one of my earliest and most cherished memories and I love writing stories for my daughters (see pic – my debut, in glorious A5 printer paper!)

From an early age, long before we can read, we’re immersed in stories. Initially we’re engaged by the repetition of sounds and patterns which promotes brain development and imagination, develops language and emotions, and strengthens relationships. We have a need for emotional connection and stories allow us to gain a deeper understanding of other people’s experiences, in a memorable and immersive way.

Throughout history, humankind has used stories to share information. Stories can elicit change, warn or teach important concepts, or simply entertain us. We might laugh or cry, feel anxious or angry with the characters we’ve invested in, and any of these provide a powerful emotional connection.

The science bit

As a storyteller, I find this fascinating, and so is the science bit. ‘Narrative progression’ as it’s called, feeds our brains. Being engrossed in a book or movie stimulates our senses and cause measurable reactions in our brain’s chemistry. Dopamine makes us feel motivated and focused, oxytocin (the ‘love chemical’) promotes feelings of trust and bonding, while endorphins give us a positive buzz.

The two parts of our brain most engaged by stories are the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain responsible for cognition and understanding. As we follow a story, it absorbs the information and commits it to short-term memory. The amygdala, however, is responsible for emotion and long-term memory. As our prefrontal cortex receives information, the amygdala essentially “codes” the information based on the emotion we feel, which aids the processing of long-term memories. Both areas of the brain are essential to deep learning and recall.

What makes a good storyteller?

Think about anyone you know who you’d describe as a good storyteller, someone at work or a friend. What makes them so engaging? Chances are they use relatable characters, intriguing plot, emotional connection and a satisfying conclusion, mingled together to create a cocktail of all those chemicals.

As readers, we naturally search for something in characters which we can relate to. It enhances our experience of the narrative and the feeling of trust and empathy can give us a quick dose of oxytocin. The ‘hero’s journey’ from adversity to triumphant success is a familiar trope used by storytellers and forms the backbone of many great stories. The journey from adversity to triumph fires up all the chemicals in our brains and gives us that ‘feel good’ feeling. Subconsciously we search for an emotional connection and without it even a good story might not be committed to memory.

What about happy endings? Again, many great stories lead us to a satisfying conclusion, which gives us another dose of feel good as all loose ends are tied together and the hero or heroine triumphs. If we don’t experience this pay-off, we can be left feeling cheated or disappointed. Think of that series you invested hours in, where the big reveal at the end is more of a limp fob-off. It’s devastating!

Storytelling is critical in our learning process. It aids our engagement with a subject and our retention of information.

Can you use storytelling in business?

Storytelling is just as important in business too, and it doesn’t matter how dry the subject is.

A few years ago I worked as an actor on a commercial project for a battery manufacturer. The client had asked a video production company ABF, to create a training video on battery safety for its employees. ABF presented a concept which went on to win awards and was a wonderfully creative and innovative interpretation of the brief.

They told a story.

The video was shot like a mockumentary and showed a group of employees going through a series of training sessions. They had characters (the employees), plot and conflict (the training sessions) emotional connection (the employee and trainer relationships) and a satisfying conclusion (everyone passed the training, with a hint of romance thrown in).
They created a training tool which people enjoyed and engaged with. It entertained, took people on a journey and helped with their learning.

If you’d like to watch it, it’s on Facebook here.

Humans love stories because they are the framework of our perception. Stories can change our minds, make us feel something new, win our hearts. We react deeply to stories when they communicate information in a primal, insightful way and it’s what we’re looking for when we browse the bookshelves, choosing our next read or when we’re trawling through Netflix.

Some stories have a huge impact on us and can change our perception of society. Here are a few examples of stories that have had a big impact on people’s lives:

The Diary of Anne Frank: This book, which chronicles the experiences of a young Jewish girl during World War II, has been a powerful tool for teaching empathy and tolerance to generations of readers. Many people credit Anne’s story with helping them better understand the horrors of the Holocaust and the importance of standing up against hatred and discrimination.

To Kill a Mockingbird: Harper Lee’s classic novel, which explores issues of race, justice, and morality in the American South, has been hailed as a powerful tool for promoting empathy and understanding. Many people credit the book with helping them see the world through a different lens, and inspiring them to take action against injustice in their own communities.

The Fault in Our Stars: This novel by John Green, which tells the story of two teenagers with terminal illnesses who fall in love, has been a powerful source of inspiration and comfort for many people dealing with illness or loss. Readers have praised the book for its honest portrayal of the challenges of living with a serious illness, and its message of hope and resilience in the face of adversity.

The West Wing: This TV show, which aired from 1999-2006, has been credited with inspiring a new generation of young people to get involved in politics. The show, which follows the staff of the fictional White House under President Jed Bartlet, has been praised for its smart writing, engaging characters, and optimistic portrayal of the political process.

Personal stories can be incredibly powerful in inspiring people to take action or make a change in their own lives. For instance, hearing the story of someone who overcame addiction or achieved a lifelong dream can be incredibly inspiring, and may motivate others to pursue their own goals and aspirations.

Stories have been a fundamental part of human culture and communication for thousands of years. As human beings, we are naturally drawn to narratives because they help us make sense of the world around us and understand ourselves and others better.

Stories have the power to move us emotionally, inspire us to take action, and connect us with others on a deeper level. Whether it’s a classic novel, a movie, or a personal anecdote, stories can transport us to different times, places, and perspectives, and help us gain new insights and perspectives.

So, the next time you find yourself captivated by a story, remember that you’re not alone – people have been fascinated by storytelling for generations, and it’s one of the things that makes us uniquely human.

See you soon.

Wendy

Beyond the Sensationalism: Understanding the Complexities of Our Fascination with True Crime

Posted on February 18, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

Crime and killers have long captivated the public imagination, whether through sensational media coverage, true crime documentaries, or fictional depictions in books and movies. But why are we so fascinated by these dark and often disturbing topics? What drives our interest in the minds and actions of those who commit violent crimes?

In this blog post, I’ll explore some of the reasons why crime and killers have become such enduringly popular subjects and look at topics that captivate us, our fascination with the macabre, and the ways in which popular culture has both reflected and reinforced our interest in these topics.

Our fascination with killers

The public’s fascination with notorious killers such as Ted Bundy and Jeffrey Dahmer are a stark example of our captivation with the actions and motivations of criminals. These two individuals in particular, due to the heinous nature of their crimes and their widespread media coverage, have become household names and continue to be subjects of intense public interest.

Bundy’s charm and charisma, coupled with his horrific acts of violence against women, have made him a subject of fascination for decades. His high-profile trial and eventual execution only added to his infamy, with media outlets covering every aspect of his case in minute detail.

Similarly, Dahmer’s gruesome crimes, which included cannibalism and necrophilia, shocked and horrified the public. His trial, which revealed the depths of his depravity, was widely covered in the media and cemented his status as one of the most notorious killers in modern history.

The ethical dilemma

When my mum (an avid reader and a fan of gory dramas) read an early draft of ‘Justified’ she said to me, “How did you come up with such a grisly murder?” It made me think. Not so much about where the idea came from, but about the concept of murder as entertainment and the ethical dilemma faced by murder mystery and crime writers.

Recently, the same question has been raised about the glamorisation of true crime following the huge success of the Jeffery Dahmer series. True crime is one of the fastest growing genres of entertainment and its followers are insatiable, demanding more stories about humanity at its darkest.

“Serial killers tantalize people much like traffic accidents, train wrecks, or natural disasters,” Scott Bonn, professor of criminology at Drew University and author of Why We Love Serial Killers, wrote at TIME. “The public’s fascination with them can be seen as a specific manifestation of its more general fixation on violence and calamity. In other words, the actions of a serial killer may be horrible to behold but much of the public simply cannot look away due to the spectacle.”

But true crime is about real people, in real, terrible situations, and that comes with real consequences. Some insist true crime exploits victims and their families, while others argue that it helps people to process their greatest fears, that it gives an insight into our culture and norms as well as our anxieties and values. Whichever side of the fence you sit on, ethically, true crime blows through our lives on a precarious breeze.

Our enduring fascination

The enduring fascination with crime and killers is a phenomenon that has captivated people for centuries. The media is awash with true crime shows, books, and podcasts, all catering to our insatiable appetite for the dark and disturbing. But why are we so drawn to these stories of murder and mayhem?

Some might argue that people are interested in crime and killers simply because it’s human nature to be drawn to sensational or dramatic events. After all, tales of violence and wrongdoing have been part of human storytelling for millennia, from the ancient Greek myths to Shakespeare’s tragedies. However, this argument alone does not fully account for the enduring popularity of these topics.

The appeal of true crime content, in particular, is not simply due to its sensational nature. True crime often involves detailed and often graphic depictions of real-life crimes, which can provide a sense of realism and authenticity that fictional crime stories may lack. It allows us to explore the darkest corners of the human psyche and understand the motivations behind heinous acts.

Another counterargument might be that our fascination with crime and killers is a result of media sensationalism, with news outlets and entertainment companies exploiting our fear and fascination with violence for profit. While it’s true that media coverage can shape public perceptions of crime and violence, our interest in these topics long predates the rise of modern media.

For instance, newspapers in the 19th century reported on sensational murder trials, and crime fiction has been popular since the days of Edgar Allan Poe.

So what are the cultural and psychological factors that drive our fascination with crime and killers?

One possible explanation is that it provides a way to explore the darker side of human nature in a safe and controlled environment. By consuming true crime content, we can satisfy our curiosity about these topics without actually putting ourselves in danger. Additionally, it may allow us to feel a sense of superiority or moral superiority, by exploring the actions of those we consider to be deviant or immoral.

Fascination with death

As I mentioned earlier, as human beings our fascination with killers, murder and all things death related has been around for centuries.

The paradox of violence and enjoyment dates back as long as human society and recorded history, from the prehistoric period and later Roman gladiatorial games.

The Victorians were fascinated by death which extended to the production of a range of Memento Mori, objects designed to remind the owner of the death of a loved one and indeed, their own eventual demise. Photographs of dead relatives became an increasingly popular feature of family albums. Not entertainment as such, but their approach to violent crime was much more recreational:

The public would explore crime scenes before the arrival of the police following a murder.
This allowed them to view the gory scene in its entirety; dead bodies and all.
Funerals were attended out of curiosity and were quite often public events, especially if the deceased had been murdered.
Accused murderers would be executed and then potentially carried down through main street for all the spectators to see.

In a completely morbid sense death is compelling, yet we fear it. You’d think that as we’re all so open about death – reading about it, watching people die on TV and in movies – that the process of dying shouldn’t be a taboo topic. But, as soon as death becomes personal the discussion ends. Suddenly, it’s completely unreasonable to talk about death. A guy’s head being skewered on a spike in Last Kingdom – not a problem. Talking about your own death – no thanks.

The origin of murder investigation in fiction

To bring this back to fiction, it’s perhaps no coincidence then that the first modern detective story is generally thought to be to Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” written in 1844, the Victorian era. In the story, Auguste Dupin solves the mystery of the brutal murder of two women in Paris. Poe’s Dupin isn’t a detective but he decides to investigate the murders for personal amusement. He displays many attributes which became literary conventions in later fictional detectives, including Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot.

The genre has increased in popularity ever since. A quick search on Amazon for ‘murder fiction’ brings up 100k+ results.

Why is crime fiction so popular?

Crime fiction usually gives us a resolution along with an insight into what makes people tick. One of the reasons crime fiction is popular is because people are fascinated by human behaviour. Sometimes we’re warmed by the actions of others and at other times horrified and appalled by it. In fiction we can safely read about the darker side of humanity, and most of us enjoy the neatness of a crime solved and a criminal brought to justice. That doesn’t always happen in real life, but crime novels usually restore balance.

Plus, we like puzzles and piecing together the parts of the mystery. Can we solve the crime before the detective in the book?

We grow up reading stories which follow the same pattern; the big bad wolf eventually gets his comeuppance for terrorising the three little pigs. The fact that he ends up boiled alive is a whole new subject altogether, but it demonstrates two things; firstly, the parallel between children’s and adult’s stories, and secondly that we’re exposed to violent death from an early age. Bambi broke my heart!

For me, a good crime novel is always about the characters, their motivations and their relationships rather than the actual murder. Yes, I enjoy the pace and suspense, but ultimately, I want to know what makes the characters tick.

Because a crime scene is fascinating, but the human mind is infinitely more intriguing.

In conclusion, our fascination with crime and killers is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can’t be reduced to any single explanation. While human nature and media sensationalism may play a role, they do not fully account for the enduring popularity of these topics or the specific appeal of true crime content. Rather, a variety of cultural and psychological factors, such as our desire for justice, our fascination with the darker aspects of human nature, and our need for narrative resolution, all contribute to our ongoing interest in crime and killers.

Whether you’re a true crime enthusiast, a casual consumer of crime-related media, or simply curious about this enduring cultural fascination, I hope this blog post has given you some insights into the many factors that drive our interest in this topic.

See you soon.

Wendy

Were Medieval staircases Designed to Give Right-Handed Defenders an Advantage?

Posted on February 18, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

The direction of the staircases in Broadstone Castle is mentioned a few times in ‘Justified’, but is it true that staircases were deliberately built in a clockwise (from the bottom upwards) direction to hinder raiders?

The theory is that attackers from below would struggle to wield a sword upwards without clanging into the central newel column (the narrowest part of the staircase) and they’d have to reach around the curve blindly while attacking. Perhaps more importantly, defenders retreating upwards would have the advantage of greater space to swing their sword arm downwards and a better view of the invaders below.

You could argue that anti-clockwise is just as problematic. Attackers would have their right hand (usually the sword wielding arm) against the outer wall of the staircase, which isn’t ideal either.

This image (from Newcastle Castle’s archives) demonstrates the issue. Undoubtedly, the attacker below is in an awkward position and is going to have a tough time swinging his sword around the central post to his right. But the chap with the axe isn’t having much fun either. His shield arm is scrunched up against the newel and he’s at risk of bashing his right arm against the outer wall as he swings.

Fighting in a tight, circular space is tough for both parties.

While there’s little solid evidence to support the case for clockwise construction, there’s also no evidence which proves otherwise. Sometimes, as John says in ‘Justified’, interpreting medieval history involves reading between sketchy lines and there’s no documented proof that potential attacks were ever an architectural or engineering consideration. You could argue, that if invaders are in your stairwell the battle is probably already lost.

A potentially more useful ploy was to build uneven stairs. The regular occupants would be aware of the irregularities, but an unseasoned invader would be more likely to stumble and alert the defenders above of their approach. Again though, were uneven steps a deliberate design feature or just a result of years of use and the availability of materials at the time?

There are also practical considerations. Someone carrying a pail in their right hand for example would find it easier to ascend in a clockwise direction. Or perhaps the stairwells were used in pairs, with one for ascending, one for descending, as passing on a spiral staircase is a tricky business. It makes sense that practical, daily considerations would outweigh the possibility of needing to fight invaders.

During my research for the book, the most comprehensive study I found on this subject was compiled by the Castle Studies Group. Established in 1987 by the then Secretary Dr Robert Higham, the Castle Studies Group includes members both professional and amateur from a wide and varied range of historical and archaeological backgrounds, both in the British Isles and overseas.

Their extensive study of this subject, including dozens of site visits, shows that while Norman castles did favour clockwise staircases, from the mid-1200s to the end of the 15^th century, anti-clockwise took over. In some instances, this appeared to be a design preference or for domestic flow, with staircases in opposing towers mirroring each other rather than turning in the same direction.

So, gradually over several hundred years, the trend for clockwise evolved into a tendency to have both, and aesthetic needs overtook practical considerations.

A bit like mobile phones, which started out as handheld bricks, went smaller and smaller and are now huge again …

If you have a spiral staircase, let me know which way it goes!

If this intrigues you, more comprehensive articles on the subject can be found below:

The Rise of the Anti-clockwise Newel Stair, Neil Guy, http://www.castlestudiesgroup.org.uk/CSGJournal2011-12X5stairs.pdf

Mediaeval Mythbusting Blog #3: The Man Who Invented the Spiral Staircase Myth, James Wright, https://triskeleheritage.triskelepublishing.com/mediaeval-mythbusting-blog-2-the-man-who-invented-the-spiral-staircase-myth/

See you soon.

Wendy

Castle Inspiration From A UK Staycation

Posted on February 17, 2023 by wendyturnerhargreaves

I’ll be honest; we mostly planned our last family staycation based on the number of castles we could visit in one week.

I’m such a castle geek, and having visited most of the castles in the UK I was excited to discover I’d never been to any in Northumberland. Fortunately, my partner shares my love of history, and our daughters are so laid back they’re happy to romp around some ramparts for a while as long as there’s an ice cream at the end of it.

It’s a double win for me. I’m an amateur photographer and it’s a great excuse to get out my ‘big’ camera and shoot some interesting pics for the family album and my inspiration files.

Northumberland didn’t disappoint. I’m going to sound like the Tourist Board here, but it’s a beautiful part of the country, rich in history and packed with places to visit. Plus – bonus – no one was travel sick on the journey.

Lindisfarne

No trip to Northumberland is complete without a trip to Holy Island. Historically, it’s a fascinating place, and its limited accessibility adds to its mystique. The causeway road can only be crossed during certain hours when the tide out, so it varies daily. Lindisfarne Priory on the island was one of the most important centres of early Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England.

Here’s the history bit:

St Aidan founded the monastery in AD 635, but St Cuthbert, prior of Lindisfarne, is the most celebrated of the priory’s holy men. After his death, people came to pray at the grave and claimed miracles of healing occurred after their visit. To the monks of Lindisfarne this was a clear sign that Cuthbert was now a saint in heaven and as the saint’s community, they should declare this to the world.

They decided to allow 11 years for his body to become a skeleton and then ‘elevate’ his remains on the anniversary of this death (20th March 698). To their surprise, when they opened the coffin, they found a complete and undecayed body.

The cult of St. Cuthbert began, and pilgrims began to flock to the shrine.

From the end of the 8th century, the isolated island with its rich monastery was easy prey for Viking raiders. In 875 the monks left, carrying Cuthbert’s remains, which after long wanderings were enshrined in Durham Cathedral in 1104, where they still rest. Only after that time did Durham monks re-establish a priory on Lindisfarne: the evocative ruins of the richly decorated priory church they built in c. 1150 still stand, with their famous ‘rainbow arch’ – a vault-rib of the now vanished crossing tower.

Lindisfarne castle is a distinctive landmark and can be seen on its loft crag from miles away. Following the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII, the Castle was built in the 1550s using stones from the demolished Priory.

Alnwick Castle

The second largest inhabited castle in the UK, Alnwick has served as a military outpost, a teaching college, a refuge for evacuees, a film set, and remains a family home. You might recognise it from the Harry Potter films, and on the day we visited there were broomstick ‘flying’ lessons and other Harry Potter themed activities happening throughout the day.

The castle construction began around 1096 and it became home to the Percy family (who still live there today) in 1309. The library is simply stunning with – cue book envy – over 14,000 books on its multi layered shelves. Because it’s still a family home, visitors are asked not to take photos inside, but this pic from the castle’s Facebook page shows the library in all its beauty.

Bamburgh Castle

Bamburgh Castle has stood guard above the spectacular Northumberland coastline for over 1,400 years. Spanning nine acres of land on its rocky plateau, it’s one of the largest inhabited castles in the country.

There’s been some kind of defensive structure at Bamburgh since at least the 6th century and it’s regarded as the ancient capital of the powerful kingdom of Northumbria.

Bamburgh, or it’s ancient name of Bebbanburgh, is mentioned extensively throughout the TV series ‘The Last Kingdom’. The series was filmed mostly in Hungary, but some of the battle scenes from season three were filmed on Bamburgh beach in the shadow of the famous castle. Both Robin of Sherwood (TV series) and the movie Robin Hood Prince of Thieves also used Bamburgh as a set.

Dunstanburgh

Well worth the walk, Dunstanburgh, is an iconic castle ruin and was once one of the largest and grandest fortifications in Northern England. It was built by Thomas, the Earl of Lancaster, between 1313 and 1322, a powerful English baron and the second richest man of his time, after the king of England.

It’s a stunning ruin, and although it lacks the grandeur of Alnwick and Bamburgh, I enjoyed it the most. I like the honest simplicity of a ruin and how a ruin challenges your imagination. I’m always drawn to windows and doorways. Where did they lead to? What did the occupants see and what were they thinking as they looked out across the beautiful landscape? Some of the more manicured castles fill in those precious gaps too much for me.

There are 70 castles in Northumberland, and we managed to visit three. In our defence, we were distracted by the gorgeous beach near our cottage and hindered by a couple of days of good old British rain.

Which castle provided the inspiration for Broadstone?

Although Broadstone is fictitious and an amalgamation of all the beautiful castles I’ve visited over the years, Kenilworth castle can probably take the credit for inspiring me the most. I first went in my late teens and I remember feeling a profound spiritual connection to it that I still can’t really explain. It’s mostly a ruin, but it blew me away.

The image of the keep (right) is the closest visually to how I imagine Broadstone castle.

See you soon.

Wendy

Inspirations: The Literary Voices That Inspired My Writing Journey

Posted on September 30, 2022 by wendyturnerhargreaves

As an author, inspiration can come from a variety of sources – from personal experiences and observations, to other works of literature and art. In this blog, I’ll explore some of the literary inspirations that have influenced my writing journey. From classic authors to modern-day crime writers, I’ll delve into the works that have shaped my writing style and approach, and share some insights into how these inspirations have helped me to craft my own voice. Whether you are an aspiring writer or simply a lover of literature, I hope that this blog will offer some insights and inspiration to help you on your own creative journey.

Early days

The inspiration to write began for me in childhood and came from a love of stories and the escapism of immersing into another world.

I had a lovely family and a happy home, but I remember at times being bored by the mundanity of everyday life. Where could I go, who else could I be, what experiences could I have through opening up my imagination and being somewhere else?

Enid Blyton

Enid Blyton satisfied my thirst for adventure in my early days, first with The Magic Faraway Tree series and later with The Famous Five and the Malory Towers books. They were entertaining and immersive but also influential in supporting a strong moral framework. I so wanted to be George in the Famous five, solving mysteries with my friends and my dog at my side!

As an adult, I enjoy how she wrote from her unconscious mind or her ‘under-mind’ as she described it, in a largely unplanned and spontaneous way. In this quote, from a letter to psychologist Peter McKeller (who wrote to her asking about her imagery techniques), she describes her writing method:

I shut my eyes for a few minutes, with my portable typewriter on my knee – I make my mind a blank and wait – and then, as clearly as I would see real children, my characters stand before me in my mind’s eye … The first sentence comes straight into my mind, I don’t have to think of it – I don’t have to think of anything.

As a writer who finds outlining and planning a grind, I love the freedom she expresses here. As she explained in her autobiography: “If I tried to think out or invent the whole book, I could not do it. For one thing, it would bore me and for another, it would lack the ‘verve’ and the extraordinary touches and surprising ideas that flood out from my imagination.”

Of course, she faced a critical backlash and has been decried for rehashing stories, plagiarising other books (including her own) and for ‘lacking literary merit’. She’s been accused of racism, xenophobia, and sexism and later editions of her books amend some references for modern day readers. I do love her response to her critics though, which was that they were motivated by jealousy, and she wasn’t interested in the opinion of anyone over the age of 12.

Enid Blyton’s huge body of work has influenced many modern day authors including Peter Hunt, Jaqueline Wilson and Stieg Larsson, and her stories and characters certainly had an impact on me.

Elizabeth Chadwick

For her ability to breathe life into historical characters Philippa Gregory remains an inspiration to me, along with Ken Follet (Pillars of the earth series – truly magnificent) and Elizabeth Chadwick. Her William Marshall books, especially Scarlet Lion, are beautifully crafted, and her ability to transport the reader back in time is breath-taking. I’m sure Henry Stanton, referenced in ‘Justified’ as John’s historical hero, was inspired by her description of tournaments in the 12^th and thirteenth centuries.

Elizabeth (who was born in Bury where I live – random fact) is renowned for her historical accuracy and diligent research methods when drafting her books. Want to know what a cauldron of pottage is like? Cook it. Want to know what chain mail feels like? Wear it! I love this commitment to truly understanding what you’re writing about and how it elevates her descriptions to a higher level of richness.

Interestingly to me, she has also investigated the use of akashic records when trying to ‘reach’ or understand a particular character. Now this is a vast subject and a diversion from this article, but as someone interested in past life regression and reincarnation, I was intrigued by this more unusual method of author research.

Briefly, the akashic records are believed to be an energetic log, a Google search for your soul. In it are records of everything that has ever existed or taken place, including a record of all universal events, thoughts, words, emotions and intent ever to have occurred in the past, present, or future in terms of all entities and life forms.

In essence, when you read your own records or the records of someone else, you are connecting with the soul of a person. It’s a sacred space. One that is deeply personal, private and that spans all the lifetimes of a particular soul.

My characters are entirely fictitious, but for Elizabeth Chadwick, trying to truly understand a real character from over 700 years ago, I can see how this would be a fascinating avenue of research.

Stephen King

Of all the great storytellers I’ve enjoyed, Stephen King has had the most impact and remains at the top of my ‘greatest inspirations’ list. My dad first introduced me to the horror and thriller genre, first with Dean Koontz (another favourite) and inevitably Stephen King. He is an exceptional storyteller, and his ability to build tension and an overarching sense of impending doom is unrivalled. I love the pungent prose and laid-back style which make his books so unique and he’s a master craftsman of vivid description that puts the reader right there alongside his characters. Hard to choose a favourite from his book list but It for its epic landscape and detail and The Dark Half for its creative intrigue, would be my picks.

Stephen King’s written extensively about writing and his book ‘On writing’ is a must for anyone interested in becoming an author. His observations and advice are expressed in an approachable way through his struggles (and repeated rejections) during the years he developed his craft.

In my late teens I was a passenger in a car accident and had to appear as a witness in court. It was a grim experience and testifying was terrifying, but it was the catalyst for my fascination with courtroom dramas and police investigations. I devoured John Grisham, Scott Turow and Michael Connelly and more recently Peter James, Peter Robinson and James Patterson. Each of these exceptional authors cleverly concoct the ultimate cocktail of character, story and plot.

Thomas Harris

My last mention is Thomas Harris, who beautifully straddles the horror, crime and thriller genres. ‘Silence of the lambs’ blew me away when I first read it (before the movie came out) and Hannibal Lecter is now an iconic character, perhaps because as readers we’re both captivated and repulsed by him. He’s intelligent and cultured but capable of extreme violence, he’s smart and cunning but eats the humans he kills. Harris crafts a complex character and draws his readers into a dark, terrifying but fascinating world. The conversations between Clarice and Hannibal are far deeper in the book and demonstrate remarkable knowledge of the human mind and how our pasts imprint on our present.

Read ‘Red Dragon’ first then ‘Silence of the lambs’ for a masterclass in super-smart suspense and horror.

So that’s a race through my inspirations, all of whom I’m sure have influenced my own writing in some way.

Motivational speaker Jim Rohn famously said that we are the average of the five people we spend the most time with. How wonderful would it be if we became an author amalgamation of the five writers we spent the most time with? 😊

In conclusion, my literary inspirations have played a crucial role in shaping my writing journey, and these writers have not only inspired me but also challenged me to push my own creative boundaries.

Whether you are an aspiring writer or simply a lover of literature, I hope that my exploration of these inspirations has offered some insights and inspiration to help you on your own creative journey. Remember, the most important thing is to stay true to your own voice and vision, and to keep writing with passion and purpose.

See you soon.

Wendy

Wendy Turner-Hargreaves

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